Multiplying random variables

Foundations of Probability in R

David Robinson

Chief Data Scientist, DataCamp

Multiplying a random variable

$$X \sim \text{Binomial}(10, .5)$$

$$Y \sim 3 \cdot X$$

Foundations of Probability in R

Simulation: Effect of multiplying on expected value

$$X \sim \text{Binom}(10, .5)$$

$$Y=3\cdot X$$

X <- rbinom(100000, 10, .5)
mean(X)
# [1] 5.006753
Y <- 3 * X
mean(Y)
# [1] 15.02026

$$E[k \cdot X]=k \cdot E[X]$$

Foundations of Probability in R

Simulation: Effect of multiplying on variance

$$X \sim \text{Binom}(10, .5)$$

$$Y=3\cdot X$$

X <- rbinom(100000, 10, .5)
var(X)
# [1] 2.500388
Y <- 3 * X
var(Y)
# [1] 22.50349

$$\text{Var}[k \cdot X]=k^2 \cdot \text{Var}[X]$$

Foundations of Probability in R

Rules of manipulating random variables

$$E[k\cdot X] = k \cdot E[X]$$

$$\text{Var}(k \cdot Y) = k^2 \cdot \text{Var}(X)$$

Foundations of Probability in R

Let's practice!

Foundations of Probability in R

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