Programación orientada a objetos en Python
Alex Yarosh
Content Quality Analyst @ DataCamp
a = 1
a / 0
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
1/0
ZeroDivisionError: division by zero
a = [1,2,3]
a[5]
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
a[5]
IndexError: list index out of range
a = 1
a + "Hello"
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 2, in <module>
a + "Hello"
TypeError: unsupported operand type(s) for +: /
'int' and 'str'
a = 1
a + b
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
a + b
NameError: name 'b' is not defined
try - except - finally:try: # Intenta ejecutar algún códigoexcept ExceptionNameHere: # Ejecuta este código si ocurre ExceptionNameHereexcept AnotherExceptionHere: #<-- múltiples bloques except # Ejecuta este código si ocurre AnotherExceptionHere ...finally: #<-- opcional # Ejecuta este código pase lo que pase
raise ExceptionNameHere('Mensaje de error aquí')def make_list_of_ones(length):
if length <= 0:
raise ValueError("¡Longitud inválida!") # <--- Detendrá el programa y lanzará un error
return [1]*length
make_list_of_ones(-1)
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
make_list_of_ones(-1)
File "<stdin>", line 3, in make_list_of_ones
raise ValueError("¡Longitud inválida!")
ValueError: ¡Longitud inválida!
BaseException o ExceptionBaseException
+-- Exception
+-- ArithmeticError # <---
| +-- FloatingPointError
| +-- OverflowError
| +-- ZeroDivisionError # <---
+-- TypeError
+-- ValueError
| +-- UnicodeError
| +-- UnicodeDecodeError
| +-- UnicodeEncodeError
| +-- UnicodeTranslateError
+-- RuntimeError
...
+-- SystemExit
...
Exception o una de sus subclasesclass BalanceError(Exception): pass
class Customer:
def __init__(self, name, balance):
if balance < 0 :
raise BalanceError("¡El saldo debe ser no negativo!")
else:
self.name, self.balance = name, balance
cust = Customer("Larry Torres", -100)
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "script.py", line 11, in <module>
cust = Customer("Larry Torres", -100)
File "script.py", line 6, in __init__
raise BalanceError("¡El saldo debe ser no negativo!")
BalanceError: ¡El saldo debe ser no negativo!
cust
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
cust
NameError: name 'cust' is not defined
try:
cust = Customer("Larry Torres", -100)
except BalanceError:
cust = Customer("Larry Torres", 0)
Programación orientada a objetos en Python