UNION y UNION ALL

Introducción a SQL Server

John MacKintosh

Instructor

SELECT 
  album_id, 
  title, 
  artist_id 
FROM album 
WHERE artist_id IN (1, 3)

+------------+-------------------------+------------|
| album_id   | title                   | artist_id  |
|------------+-------------------------|------------|
| 1          | For Those About To Rock | 1          |
| 4          | Let There Be Rock       | 1          |
| 5          | Big Ones                | 3          |
+------------+----------+---------------------------+

SELECT 
  album_id, 
  title, 
  artist_id 
FROM album 
WHERE artist_id IN (1, 4, 5)

+------------+-------------------------+------------|
| album_id   | title                   | artist_id  |
|------------+-------------------------|------------|
| 1          | For Those About To Rock | 1          |
| 4          | Let There Be Rock       | 1          |
| 6          | Jagged Little Pill      | 4          |
| 7          | Facelift                | 5          |
+------------+-------------------------+------------+

Combinando resultados

SELECT 
  album_id, 
  title, 
  artist_id 
FROM album 
WHERE artist_id IN (1, 3)

UNION

SELECT 
  album_id, 
  title, 
  artist_id 
FROM album 
WHERE artist_id IN (1, 4, 5);

+------------+-------------------------+------------|
| album_id   | title                   | artist_id  |
|------------+-------------------------|------------|
| 1          | For Those About To Rock | 1          |
| 4          | Let There Be Rock       | 1          |
| 5          | Big Ones                | 3          |
| 6          | Jagged Little Pill      | 4          |
| 7          | Facelift                | 5          |
+------------+-------------------------+------------+

Las filas duplicadas se excluyen

UNION ALL

SELECT 
  album_id, 
  title, 
  artist_id 
FROM album 
WHERE artist_id IN (1, 3) 
UNION ALL 
SELECT 
  album_id, 
  title, 
  artist_id 
FROM album 
WHERE artist_id IN (1, 4, 5);

+------------+-------------------------+------------|
| album_id   | title                   | artist_id  |
|------------+-------------------------|------------|
| 1          | For Those About To Rock | 1          |
| 4          | Let There Be Rock       | 1          |
| 5          | Big Ones                | 3          |
| 1          | For Those About To Rock | 1          |
| 4          | Let There Be Rock       | 1          |
| 6          | Jagged Little Pill      | 4          |
| 7          | Facelift                | 5          |
+------------+-------------------------+------------+

Incluye filas duplicadas

Crear nombres de columnas para el resultado final

SELECT 
  album_id AS ALBUM_ID, 
  title AS ALBUM_TITLE, 
  artist_id AS ARTIST_ID 
FROM album 
WHERE artist_id IN(1, 3) 
UNION ALL 
SELECT 
  album_id AS ALBUM_ID, 
  title AS ALBUM_TITLE, 
  artist_id AS ARTIST_ID 
FROM album 
WHERE artist_id IN(1, 4, 5)

+------------+-------------------------+------------|
| ALBUM_ID   | ALBUM_TITLE             | ARTIST_ID  |
|------------+-------------------------|------------|
| 1          | For Those About To Rock | 1          |
| 4          | Let There Be Rock       | 1          |
| 5          | Big Ones                | 3          |
| 1          | For Those About To Rock | 1          |
| 4          | Let There Be Rock       | 1          |
| 6          | Jagged Little Pill      | 4          |
| 7          | Facelift                | 5          |
+------------+-------------------------+------------+

Resumen

UNION o UNION ALL: combinan consultas de la misma o de distintas tablas

Si combinas datos de tablas distintas:

Selecciona el mismo número de columnas en el mismo orden
Las columnas deben tener los mismos tipos de datos

Si las tablas origen tienen nombres de columna distintos

Pon alias a las columnas

UNION: elimina duplicados (más lento)

UNION ALL: incluye duplicados (más rápido)

¡Vamos a practicar!

Introducción a SQL Server