Einführung in die Statistik in Python
Maggie Matsui
Content Developer, DataCamp
print(msleep)
                 name       genus   vore         order  ... sleep_cycle  awake  brainwt   bodywt
1             Cheetah    Acinonyx  carni     Carnivora  ...         NaN   11.9      NaN   50.000
2          Owl monkey       Aotus   omni      Primates  ...         NaN    7.0  0.01550    0.480
3     Mountain beaver  Aplodontia  herbi      Rodentia  ...         NaN    9.6      NaN    1.350
4 Greater short-ta...     Blarina   omni  Soricomorpha  ...    0.133333    9.1  0.00029    0.019
5                 Cow         Bos  herbi  Artiodactyla  ...    0.666667   20.0  0.42300  600.000
..                ...         ...    ...           ...  ...         ...    ...      ...      ...
79         Tree shrew      Tupaia   omni    Scandentia  ...    0.233333   15.1  0.00250    0.104
80 Bottle-nosed do...    Tursiops  carni       Cetacea  ...         NaN   18.8      NaN  173.330
81              Genet     Genetta  carni     Carnivora  ...         NaN   17.7  0.01750    2.000
82         Arctic fox      Vulpes  carni     Carnivora  ...         NaN   11.5  0.04450    3.380
83            Red fox      Vulpes  carni     Carnivora  ...    0.350000   14.2  0.05040    4.230

Was ist ein typischer Wert?
Wo liegt der Mittelpunkt der Daten?

                  name  sleep_total
1              Cheetah         12.1
2           Owl monkey         17.0
3      Mountain beaver         14.4
4   Greater short-t...         14.9
5                  Cow          4.0
..                 ...          ...
$\text{Mean sleep time}=$
$$\frac{12.1 + 17.0 + 14.4 + 14.9 + ...}{83} = 10.43$$
import numpy as np
np.mean(msleep['sleep_total'])
10.43373
msleep['sleep_total'].sort_values()
29     1.9
30     2.7
22     2.9
9      3.0
23     3.1
      ... 
19    18.0
61    18.1
36    19.4
21    19.7
42    19.9
msleep['sleep_total'].sort_values().iloc[41]
10.1
np.median(msleep['sleep_total'])
10.1
Häufigster Wert
msleep['sleep_total'].value_counts()
12.5    4
10.1    3
14.9    2
11.0    2
8.4     2
...
14.3    1
17.0    1
Name: sleep_total, Length: 65, dtype: int64
msleep['vore'].value_counts()
herbi      32
omni       20
carni      19
insecti     5
Name: vore, dtype: int64
import statistics
statistics.mode(msleep['vore'])
'herbi'
# Subset msleep to select rows where 'vore' equals 'insecti'
msleep[msleep['vore'] == 'insecti']
                     name         genus     vore         order  sleep_total
22          Big brown bat     Eptesicus  insecti    Chiroptera         19.7
43       Little brown bat        Myotis  insecti    Chiroptera         19.9
62        Giant armadillo    Priodontes  insecti     Cingulata         18.1
67  Eastern american mole      Scalopus  insecti  Soricomorpha          8.4
msleep[msleep['vore'] == "insecti"]['sleep_total'].agg([np.mean, np.median])
mean      16.53
median    18.9
Name: sleep_total, dtype: float64
msleep[msleep['vore'] == 'insecti']
name genus vore order sleep_total 22 Big brown bat Eptesicus insecti Chiroptera 19.7 43 Little brown bat Myotis insecti Chiroptera 19.9 62 Giant armadillo Priodontes insecti Cingulata 18.1 67 Eastern american mole Scalopus insecti Soricomorpha 8.484 Mystery insectivore ... insecti ... 0.0
msleep[msleep['vore'] == "insecti"]['sleep_total'].agg([np.mean, np.median])
mean      13.22
median    18.1
Name: sleep_total, dtype: float64
Mittelwert: 16,5 → 13,2
Median: 18,9 → 18,1
# Import matplotlib.pyplot with alias plt
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
# Histogram of values
data['values'].hist()
# Show the plot
plt.show()

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Einführung in die Statistik in Python