Welcome

Intermediate SQL Server

Ginger Grant

Instructor

Course overview

Chapter 1: Summarizing data
Chapter 2: Date and math functions
Chapter 3: Processing data with T-SQL
Chapter 4: Window functions

Exploring Data with Aggregation

Reviewing summarized values for each column is a common first step in analyzing data
If the data exists in a database, fastest way to aggregate is to use SQL

Data Exploration with EconomicIndicators

SELECT Country, Year, InternetUse, GDP,
       ExportGoodsPercent, CellPhonesper100 
FROM EconomicIndicators

+-----------+-----+------------+------------+------------------+-----------------+
|Country    |Year |InternetUse | GDP        |ExportGoodsPercent|CellPhonesper100 | 
+-----------+-----+------------+------------+------------------+-----------------+
|Swaziland  |2011 |20.43165813 |7335004354  |56.30476059       |63.7015615       |
|Sweden     |2011 |90.88204559 |394271163688|49.93022195       |118.5711258      |
|Switzerland|2011 |82.98773087 |395111518596|51.20242546       |130.0623629      |
...
+-----------+-----+------------+------------+------------------+-----------------+

Common summary statistics

MIN() for the minimum value of a column
MAX() for the maximum value of a column
AVG() for the mean or average value of a column

Common summary statistics in T-SQL

This T-SQL query returns the aggregated values of column InternetUse

SELECT AVG(InternetUse) AS MeanInternetUse, 
MIN(InternetUse) AS MINInternet, 
MAX(InternetUse) AS MAXInternet 
FROM EconomicIndicators

+-------------------+------------+-------------+
|MeanInternetUse    |MINInternet |  MAXInternet|
|-------------------+------------+-------------|
|   18.9854496196171|          0 |  375.5970064|
+-------------------+------------+-------------+

Filtering Summary Data with WHERE

This T-SQL query filters the aggregated values using a WHERE clause
Notice the text value is in

SELECT AVG(InternetUse) AS MeanInternetUse, 
MIN(InternetUse) AS MINInternet, 
MAX(InternetUse) AS MAXInternet 
FROM EconomicIndicators
WHERE Country = 'Solomon Islands'

+-------------------+------------+-------------+
|MeanInternetUse    |MINInternet |  MAXInternet|
|-------------------+------------+-------------|
|            1.79621|          0 |         6.00|
+-------------------+------------+-------------+

Subtotaling Aggregations into Groups with GROUP BY

SELECT Country, AVG(InternetUse) AS MeanInternetUse, 
MIN(InternetUse) AS MINInternet, 
MAX(InternetUse) AS MAXInternet 
FROM EconomicIndicators
GROUP BY Country

+--------------------+------------------+------------+-------------+
|  Country           |MeanInternetUse   |MINInternet |  MAXInternet|
|--------------------+------------------+------------+-------------|
|Solomon Islands     |           1.79621|           0|         6.00|
|Hong Kong           |          245.1067|           0|       375.00|
|Liechtenstein       |           63.8821|     36.5152|        85.00|
...
+--------------------+------------------+------------+-------------+

HAVING is the WHERE for Aggregations

Cannot use WHERE with GROUP BY as it will give you an error

-- This throws an error
...
GROUP BY
WHERE Max(InternetUse) > 100

Instead, use HAVING

-- This is how you filter with a GROUP BY
...
GROUP BY
HAVING Max(InternetUse) > 100

HAVING is the WHERE for Aggregations

SELECT Country, AVG(InternetUse) AS MeanInternetUse, 
MIN(GDP) AS SmallestGDP,
MAX(InternetUse) AS MAXInternetUse
FROM EconomicIndicators
GROUP BY Country
HAVING MAX(InternetUse) > 100

+--------------+-------------------+-------------+---------------+
|Country       |MeanInternetUse    |SmallestGDP  | MAXInternetUse|
|--------------+-------------------+-------------+---------------|
|Macedonia     |   71.3060150792857| -0.465059948|    110.5679538|
|Hong Kong     |   245.106718614286|            0|    375.5970064|
|Congo         |   60.8972476010714| -9.492757847|    104.6455529|
...
+--------------+-------------------+-------------+---------------+

Examining UFO Data in the Incidents Table

The exercise will explore data gathered from Mutual UFO Network
UFO spotted all over the world are contained in the Incidents Table

Let's practice!

Intermediate SQL Server