Logical operators

Intermediate Java

Jim White

Java Developer

ARE, OR, and NOT

Logical operators allow combining of multiple conditions in one statement
Three main ones:
- AND
- OR
- NOT

AND

Checks if both conditions are true

boolean isLoggedIn = true;
boolean isAdmin = true;

// Both are true
if (isLoggedIn && isAdmin) {
  System.out.println("Welcome admin!");
} else {
  System.out.println("You shall not pass.");
}

Welcome admin!

If at least one is false, && returns false

boolean isLoggedIn = false;
boolean isAdmin = true;

// Only one is true, so else is executed
if (isLoggedIn && isAdmin) {
  System.out.println("Welcome admin!");
} else {
  System.out.println("You shall not pass.");
}

You shall not pass.

OR

Checks if either condition is true

boolean isAdmin = true;
boolean isModerator = false;

// Only one condition is true
if (isAdmin || isModerator) {
  System.out.println("Welcome!");
} else {
  System.out.println("You shall not pass.");
}

Welcome!

true if either or both conditions are true

boolean isAdmin = true;
boolean isModerator = true;

// Both conditions are true
if (isAdmin || isModerator) {
  System.out.println("Welcome!");
} else {
  System.out.println("You shall not pass.");
}

Welcome!

NOT

Flips true to false and false to true

boolean isLoggedIn = false;

// isLoggedIn is false, so !isLoggedIn is true
if (!isLoggedIn) {
    System.out.println("You need to log in!");
} else {
    System.out.println("You are logged in, continue!");
}

You need to log in!

Logical operators and if-else if-else

int score = 90;
boolean isAttending = false;

if (score > 80 && isAttending) {
  System.out.println("Excellent work!");
} else if (score > 80 && !isAttending) {
  System.out.println("Good work, but attendance is important.");
} else if (score <= 80 && isAttending) {
  System.out.println("You need to work harder.");
} else {
  System.out.println("You need to work harder and attend classes.");
}

Good work, but attendance is important.

Recap

The following table summarizes the values for &&, ||, and ! operators:

`a`	`b`	`a && b`	a \| \| b	`!a`
`true`	`true`	`true`	`true`	`false`
`true`	`false`	`false`	`true`	`false`
`false`	`true`	`false`	`true`	`true`
`false`	`false`	`false`	`false`	`true`

Logical operators can be used with booleans or with expressions that evaluate to booleans

boolean a = true && (!false || (true && false)); // a is true
boolean b = (7 <= 3) || (3 >= 5); // b is false

Let's practice!

Intermediate Java