Gevorderde objectgeoriënteerde programmering in Python
Jake Roach
Data Engineer
class Student:
def __init__(self, student_name, major):
self.student_name = student_name
self.major = major
...
karina = Student("Karina", "Literature")
student.residence_hall # Attempt to access an attribute that does not exist
...
AttributeError: 'Student' object has no attribute 'residence_hall'
# Rest of the class definition above
def __getattr__(self, name):
# Implement logic here
...
De namespace van een object is de verzameling attributen die bij dat object horen
__getattr__() wordt uitgevoerd wanneer je probeert om eender welk attribuut buiten de namespace van een object te benaderen
name-parameterAttributeError te gevenclass Student:
def __init__(self, student_name, major):
self.student_name = student_name
self.major = major
def __getattr__(self, name):
print(f"""{name} does not exist in this object's namespace, try setting
a value for {name} first""")
karina.residence_hall # Now, try to retrieve the residence_hall attribute again
residence_hall does not exist in this object's namespace, try setting a value for
residence_hall first
__setattr__() is een magische methode die wordt uitgevoerd wanneer een (nieuw of bestaand) attribuut wordt gezet of bijgewerkt
__init__()name van het attribuut en value__dict__-attribuut van het object$$
$$
Wijzigen beheersen: validatie, transformatie
# Rest of the class definition above
def __setattr__(self, name, value):
# Implement logic here
...
# Use __dict__ to create/update
# the attribute
self.__dict__[name] = value
__dict__ bevat alle attributen van het object; kan gebruikt worden om data op te slaan en op te vragen
class Student:
def __init__(self, student_name, major):
self.student_name = student_name
self.major = major
def __setattr__(self, name, value):
# If value is a string, set the attribute using the __dict__ attribute
if isinstance(value, str):
print(f"Setting {name} = {value}")
self.__dict__[name] = value
else: # Otherwise, raise an exception noting an incorrect data type
raise Exception("Unexpected data type!")
# Set an attribute using a value of type 'str'
karina.residence_hall = "Honors College South"
print(karina.residence_hall)
Setting residence_hall = Honors College South
Honors College South
# Set an attribute using a value of type 'int'
karina.student_id = 19301872
...
raise Exception("Unexpected data type!")
Exception: Unexpected data type!
class Student:
...
def __getattr__(self, name):
# Set the attribute with a placeholder
self.__setattr__(name, None)
return None
def __setattr__(self, name, value):
if value is None: # Print a message denoting a placeholder
print(f"Setting placeholder for {name}")
self.__dict__[name] = value # Set the attribute
Gevorderde objectgeoriënteerde programmering in Python