Bekende beperkingen van triggers

Triggers in SQL Server bouwen en optimaliseren

Florin Angelescu

Instructor

Voordelen van triggers

Voor databasetoegankelijkheid
Leg bedrijfsregels vast in de database
Beperk welke statements zijn toegestaan
Complexe logica starten met één event
Eenvoudige manier om database en acties te auditen

Nadelen van triggers

Moeilijk te zien en te vinden
Onzichtbaar voor clients of tijdens debuggen
Logica lastig te volgen bij troubleshooten
Kan server-overhead veroorzaken en vertragen

Server-level triggers vinden

SELECT * FROM sys.server_triggers;

| name                 | parent_class_desc | create_date | is_disabled |...|
|----------------------|-------------------|-------------|-------------|---|
| DenyNewDatabases     | SERVER            | 2019-01-22  | 0           |...|
| DenyNewLinkedServers | SERVER            | 2019-01-22  | 1           |...|
| DenyDatabaseDelete   | SERVER            | 2019-01-22  | 1           |...|

Database- en tabeltriggers vinden

SELECT * FROM sys.triggers;

| name                   | parent_class_desc | create_date | is_disabled | is_instead_of_trigger |
|----------------------|-------------------|-------------|---------------|-----------------------|
| TrackRetiredProducts   | OBJECT_OR_COLUMN  | 2019-04-19  | 0           | 0                     |
| PreventOrdersUpdate    | OBJECT_OR_COLUMN  | 2019-04-22  | 0           | 1                     |
| TrackDatabaseTables    | DATABASE          | 2019-04-23  | 0           | 0                     |
| KeepCanceledOrders     | OBJECT_OR_COLUMN  | 2019-04-27  | 0           | 0                     |
| DiscountsPreventDelete | OBJECT_OR_COLUMN  | 2019-04-27  | 0           | 1                     |
| PreventNewDiscounts    | OBJECT_OR_COLUMN  | 2019-04-27  | 0           | 1                     |
| PreventTableDeletion   | DATABASE          | 2019-04-27  | 0           | 0                     |

Triggerdefinitie bekijken (optie 1)

Triggerdefinitie bekijken in SSMS

CREATE TRIGGER PreventOrdersUpdate
ON Orders
INSTEAD OF UPDATE
AS
RAISERROR ('Updates on "Orders" table
            are not permitted.
            Place a new order
            to add new products.', 16, 1);

Triggerdefinitie bekijken (optie 2)

SELECT definition
FROM sys.sql_modules
WHERE object_id = OBJECT_ID ('PreventOrdersUpdate');

| definition                                                   |
|--------------------------------------------------------------|
| CREATE TRIGGER PreventOrdersUpdate                           |
| ON Orders                                                    |
| INSTEAD OF UPDATE                                            |
| AS                                                           |
| RAISERROR ('Updates on "Orders" table are not permitted.     |
|             Place a new order to add new products.', 16, 1); |

Triggerdefinitie bekijken (optie 3)

SELECT OBJECT_DEFINITION (OBJECT_ID ('PreventOrdersUpdate'));

| (No column name)                                             |
|--------------------------------------------------------------|
| CREATE TRIGGER PreventOrdersUpdate                           |
| ON Orders                                                    |
| INSTEAD OF UPDATE                                            |
| AS                                                           |
| RAISERROR ('Updates on "Orders" table are not permitted.     |
|             Place a new order to add new products.', 16, 1); |

Triggerdefinitie bekijken (optie 4)

EXECUTE sp_helptext @objname = 'PreventOrdersUpdate';

| Text                                                         |
|--------------------------------------------------------------|
| CREATE TRIGGER PreventOrdersUpdate                           |
| ON Orders                                                    |
| INSTEAD OF UPDATE                                            |
| AS                                                           |
| RAISERROR ('Updates on "Orders" table are not permitted.     |
|             Place a new order to add new products.', 16, 1); |

Best practices voor triggers

Tips:

goed gedocumenteerd databasemodel
eenvoudige logica in triggerontwerp
vermijd overmatig gebruik van triggers

Laten we oefenen!

Triggers in SQL Server bouwen en optimaliseren