Fungsi Window

Manipulasi Data di SQL

Mona Khalil

Data Scientist, Greenhouse Software

Bekerja dengan nilai agregat

Mengharuskan GROUP BY untuk semua kolom non-agregat

SELECT
  country_id,
  season,
  date,
  AVG(home_goal) AS avg_home
FROM match
GROUP BY country_id;

ERROR: column "match.season" must appear in the GROUP BY 
clause or be used in an aggregate function

Pengenalan window function

Melakukan perhitungan pada result set yang sudah dibuat (sebuah window)
Perhitungan agregat
- Mirip subquery di SELECT
- Total berjalan, peringkat, rata-rata bergerak

Apa itu window function?

Berapa gol per pertandingan di 2011/2012, dan bagaimana dibandingkan dengan rata-rata?

SELECT
  date,
  (home_goal + away_goal) AS goals,
  (SELECT AVG(home_goal + away_goal) 
     FROM match
     WHERE season = '2011/2012') AS overall_avg
FROM match
WHERE season = '2011/2012';

| date       | goals | overall_avg       |
|------------|-------|-------------------|
| 2011-07-29 | 3     | 2.71646           |
| 2011-07-30 | 2     | 2.71646           |
| 2011-07-30 | 4     | 2.71646           |
| 2011-07-30 | 1     | 2.71646           |

Apa itu window function?

Berapa gol per pertandingan di 2011/2012, dan bagaimana dibandingkan dengan rata-rata?

SELECT
    date,
    (home_goal + away_goal) AS goals,
    AVG(home_goal + away_goal) OVER() AS overall_avg
FROM match
WHERE season = '2011/2012';

| date       | goals | overall_avg       |
|------------|-------|-------------------|
| 2011-07-29 | 3     | 2.71646           |
| 2011-07-30 | 2     | 2.71646           |
| 2011-07-30 | 4     | 2.71646           |
| 2011-07-30 | 1     | 2.71646           |

Buat RANK

Berapa peringkat pertandingan berdasarkan jumlah gol?

SELECT
    date,
    (home_goal + away_goal) AS goals
FROM match
WHERE season = '2011/2012';

| date       | goals |
|------------|-------|
| 2011-07-29 | 3     |
| 2011-07-30 | 2     |
| 2011-07-30 | 4     |
| 2011-07-30 | 1     |

Buat RANK

Berapa peringkat pertandingan berdasarkan jumlah gol?

SELECT
    date,
    (home_goal + away_goal) AS goals,
    RANK() OVER(ORDER BY home_goal + away_goal) AS goals_rank
FROM match
WHERE season = '2011/2012';

| date       | goals | goals_rank |
|------------|-------|------------|
| 2012-04-28 | 0     | 1          |
| 2011-12-26 | 0     | 1          |
| 2011-09-10 | 0     | 1          |
| 2011-08-27 | 0     | 1          |
| 2012-01-07 | 0     | 1          |

Buat RANK

Berapa peringkat pertandingan berdasarkan jumlah gol?

SELECT
    date,
    (home_goal + away_goal) AS goals,
    RANK() OVER(ORDER BY home_goal + away_goal DESC) AS goals_rank
FROM match
WHERE season = '2011/2012';

| date       | goals | goals_rank |
|------------|-------|------------|
| 2011-11-06 | 10    | 1          |
| 2011-08-28 | 10    | 1          |
| 2012-05-12 | 9     | 3          |
| 2012-02-12 | 9     | 3          |
| 2012-03-09 | 9     | 3          |

Perbedaan kunci

Diproses setelah semua bagian query kecuali ORDER BY
- Menggunakan informasi dari result set, bukan dari database
Tersedia di PostgreSQL, Oracle, MySQL, SQL Server...
- ...namun TIDAK di SQLite

Ayo berlatih!

Manipulasi Data di SQL