Perencanaan perjalanan untuk data penerbangan

Kueri Hierarkis dan Rekursif di SQL Server

Jasmin Ludolf

Content Developer

Papan jadwal bandara

Contoh papan jadwal bandara

Struktur data penerbangan

Departure	Arrival	FlightNumber	Cost	Time
London	Paris	LH3827	90	2
Vienna	New York	MH2370	379	8
New York	Paris	LH9832	489	9
Vienna	Paris	SU2389	200	3
London	Chicago	OP1230	650	10
New York	Chicago	NL5460	150	2

Cara membangun rute penerbangan

Gambar tentang semua rute penerbangan yang mungkin di dunia

Gunakan rekursi untuk mendapatkan semua rute penerbangan
Rute ditentukan oleh bandara keberangkatan dan tujuan
Batasi jumlah transit agar rute realistis

Membangun rute penerbangan - langkah 1

WITH flightRoute (Departure, Arrival, stops) AS(
  -- Anchor query
  SELECT f.Departure,f.Arrival, 0
      FROM flightPlan f
      WHERE Departure = 'Vienna'
  -- Recursive query
  UNION ALL
      SELECT p.Departure, f.Arrival, p.stops + 1
      FROM flightPlan f, flightRoute p
      WHERE p.Arrival = f.Departure AND 
        p.stops < 5 
)

SELECT Departure, Arrival, stops
    FROM flightRoute

+-----------+---------------+--------+
| Departure | Arrival       | stops  |
|-----------|---------------|--------|
| Vienna    | Paris         | 2      |
| Vienna    | San Francisco | 3      |
| Vienna    | Vienna        | 3      |
| Vienna    | Frankfurt     | 3      |
| ...       | ...           | ...    |
+-----------+---------------+--------+

Membangun rute penerbangan - langkah 2

WITH flightRoute (Departure, Arrival, stops, route) AS(
  SELECT f.Departure, f.Arrival, 0, 
  CAST(Departure + '->' + Arrival AS VARCHAR(MAX))
      FROM flightPlan f
      WHERE Departure = 'Vienna'

  UNION ALL
  SELECT p.Departure, f.Arrival, p.stops + 1, 
  p.totalCost + f.Cost, 
  CAST(p.route + '->' + f.Arrival AS VARCHAR(MAX))
      FROM flightPlan f, flightRoute p

      WHERE p.Arrival = f.Departure AND p.stops < 5
)

Perkenalkan route di anggota jangkar
Lacak route di anggota rekursif
Batasi jumlah singgah

Membangun rute penerbangan - hasil

SELECT Departure, Arrival, Route
    FROM flightRoute

+-----------+--------------+-------------------------------------------+
| Departure | Arrival      | route                                     |
|-----------|--------------|-------------------------------------------+
| London    | New York     | London -> Vienna -> Chicago -> New York   |
| Vienna    | Chicago      | Vienna -> London -> Chicago               |        
| Paris     | Los Angeles  | Paris -> Toronto -> Los Angeles           |
| Chicago   | New York     | Chicago -> New York                       |
| Rome      | New York     | Rome -> London -> Chicago -> New York     |    
| ...       | ...          | ...                                       |
+-----------+--------------+-------------------------------------------+

Kueri rute penerbangan dengan batasan

WITH flightRoute (Departure, Arrival, stops, totalCost, route) AS(
  SELECT f.Departure, f.Arrival, 0, Cost,
    CAST(Departure + '->' + Arrival AS NVARCHAR(MAX))
      FROM flightPlan f
      WHERE Departure = 'New York'
  UNION ALL
  SELECT  p.Departure, f.Arrival, p.stops+1, 
  p.totalCost + f.Cost, p.route + '->' + f.Arrival
      FROM flightPlan f, flightRoute p
      WHERE p.Arrival = f.Departure AND p.stops < '...' 
)

SELECT '...'    
    FROM flightRoute
    WHERE '...' ;

Temukan semua bandara tujuan yang memungkinkan jika:

Bandara keberangkatan tetap
- New York
Jumlah stops dibatasi hingga n
Keluaran dibatasi oleh suatu kondisi
- batas biaya
- rute termurah ke suatu tujuan

Ayo cari rute penerbangan yang mungkin!

Kueri Hierarkis dan Rekursif di SQL Server