Item teratas dengan window function

Analisis Deret Waktu di PostgreSQL

Jasmin Ludolf

Content Developer, DataCamp

Deskripsi tabel

Tabel temperatures_monthly
Kolom:
- station_id - id stasiun cuaca
- year_month - tahun dan bulan
- t_monthly_min - suhu minimum bulanan (Celsius)
- t_monthly_max - suhu maksimum bulanan (Celsius)
- t_monthly_avg - suhu rata-rata bulanan (Celsius)

Agregasi tradisional

SELECT station_id, year_month, t_monthly_min
FROM temperatures_monthly AS tm
JOIN

(   
  SELECT
        station_id, min(t_monthly_min) AS t_monthly_min
    FROM temperatures_monthly
    WHERE year_month BETWEEN '2018-01-01' AND '2018-12-31'
    GROUP BY station_id
) as p
USING(station_id, t_monthly_min)
WHERE year_month BETWEEN '2018-01-01' AND '2018-12-31'
ORDER BY station_id, t_monthly_min;

Agregasi tradisional

|station_id|year_month|t_monthly_min|
|----------|----------|-------------|
|         1|2018-12-01|          5.4|
|         2|2018-12-01|          6.6|
|         3|2018-01-01|          1.6|
|         3|2018-02-01|          1.6|
|         4|2018-02-01|        -19.0|
|         6|2018-01-01|          2.6|
|         8|2018-02-01|        -16.3|

Masalah:

Stasiun 5 hilang, tidak ada data 2018
Dua baris untuk stasiun 3, ada dua bulan dengan suhu minimum yang sama 3
Hanya memberi bulan terdingin tunggal; bagaimana jika ingin dua bulan terdingin?

Menggunakan row_number

Kita perlu memberi nomor tiap baris per stasiun
ROW_NUMBER() : memberi nomor baris per partisi, urut naik

SELECT station_id, year_month, t_monthly_min,
    ROW_NUMBER() OVER (PARTITION BY station_id ORDER BY t_monthly_min) AS rank
FROM temperatures_monthly AS tm
WHERE year_month BETWEEN '2018-01-01' AND '2018-12-31'
ORDER BY station_id, t_monthly_min;

Memberi nomor baris

|station_id|year_month|t_monthly_min|rank|
|----------|----------|-------------|----|
|         1|2018-12-01|          5.4|   1|
|         1|2018-02-01|          6.2|   2|
|         1|2018-01-01|          7.4|   3|
|         1|2018-11-01|          9.0|   4|
|         1|2018-03-01|         10.6|   5| 
|         1|2018-04-01|         14.7|   6|
|         1|2018-10-01|         16.6|   7|
|         1|2018-05-01|         17.2|   8|
|         1|2018-06-01|         21.9|   9|
|         1|2018-09-01|         24.4|  10|
|         1|2018-07-01|         28.1|  11|
|         1|2018-08-01|         28.1|  12|
|         2|2018-12-01|          6.6|   1|
|         2|2018-01-01|          7.6|   2|
|         2|2018-02-01|          8.1|   3|

Penomoran mulai ulang pada stasiun 2
Karena kita partisi per station_id

Suhu terendah

SELECT * FROM
(
    SELECT station_id, year_month, t_monthly_min,
    ROW_NUMBER() OVER 
          (PARTITION BY station_id ORDER BY t_monthly_min) AS rank
    FROM temperatures_monthly
    WHERE year_month BETWEEN '2018-01-01' AND '2018-12-31'
) AS q
WHERE rank < 3
ORDER BY station_id, rank;

Suhu terendah

|station_id|year_month|t_monthly_min|rank|
|----------|----------|-------------|----|
|         1|2018-12-01|          5.4|   1|
|         1|2018-02-01|          6.2|   2|
|         2|2018-12-01|          6.6|   1|
|         2|2018-01-01|          7.6|   2|
|         3|2018-01-01|          1.6|   1|
|         3|2018-02-01|          1.6|   2|

Nilai tertinggi

Untuk membalik urutan, tambahkan DESC:

ROW_NUMBER() OVER (PARTITION BY station_id ORDER BY t_monthly_min DESC)

Ayo berlatih!

Analisis Deret Waktu di PostgreSQL