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Andrew Bray

Assistant Professor of Statistics at Reed College

Kecurangan pemilu Iran

Pemilu AS 2016

$H_{0}:$ pemilu jujur (Hukum Benford berlaku)

$H_{A}:$ pemilu curang (Hukum Benford tidak berlaku)

Total suara Iowa

¹ Oleh TUBS [CC BY SA 3.0], dari Wikimedia Commons

Total suara Iowa

iowa

# A tibble: 1,386 x 5
   office              candidate                         party              county votes
   <chr>               <chr>                             <chr>              <chr>  <dbl>
 1 President/Vice Pre… Evan McMullin / Nathan Johnson    Nominated by Peti… Adair     10
 2 President/Vice Pre… Under Votes                       NA                 Adair     32
 3 President/Vice Pre… Gary Johnson / Bill Weld          Libertarian        Adair    127
 4 President/Vice Pre… Over Votes                        NA                 Adair      5
 5 President/Vice Pre… Gloria La Riva / Dennis J. Banks  Socialism and Lib… Adair      0
 6 President/Vice Pre… Darrell L. Castle / Scott N. Bra… Constitution       Adair     10
 7 President/Vice Pre… Hillary Clinton / Tim Kaine       Democratic         Adair   1133
 8 President/Vice Pre… Jill Stein / Ajamu Baraka         Green              Adair     14
 9 President/Vice Pre… Rocky Roque De La Fuente / Micha… Nominated by Peti… Adair      3
10 President/Vice Pre… Donald Trump / Mike Pence         Republican         Adair   2461
# … with 1,376 more rows

Ayo berlatih!

Inferensi untuk Data Kategorik di R