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Pemodelan Regresi Bayesian dengan rstanarm

Jake Thompson

Psychometrician, ATLAS, University of Kansas

Gambaran umum

Pengantar regresi Bayesian
Menyesuaikan model regresi Bayesian
Mengevaluasi model regresi Bayesian
Menyajikan dan menggunakan model regresi Bayesian

Tinjauan regresi frequentist

Regresi frequentist dengan ordinary least squares
Data kidiq

kidiq

# A tibble: 434 x 4
    kid_score mom_hs mom_iq mom_age
        <int>  <int>  <dbl>   <int>
  1        65      1  121.       27
  2        98      1   89.4      25
  3        85      1  115.       27
  4        83      1   99.4      25
  5       115      1   92.7      27
 # ... with 430 more rows

Memprediksi skor IQ anak dari skor IQ ibu

lm_model <- lm(kid_score ~ mom_iq, data = kidiq)

summary(lm_model)

 Call:
 lm(formula = kid_score ~ mom_iq, data = kidiq)
 Residuals:
     Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
 -56.753 -12.074   2.217  11.710  47.691 
 Coefficients:
             Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
 (Intercept) 25.79978    5.91741    4.36 1.63e-05 ***
 mom_iq       0.60997    0.05852   10.42  < 2e-16 ***
 ---
 Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
 Residual standard error: 18.27 on 432 degrees of freedom
 Multiple R-squared:  0.201,  Adjusted R-squared:  0.1991 
 F-statistic: 108.6 on 1 and 432 DF,  p-value: < 2.2e-16

Menelaah koefisien model

Gunakan paket broom untuk fokus pada koefisien saja

library(broom)

tidy(lm_model)

            term   estimate  std.error statistic      p.value
   1 (Intercept) 25.7997778 5.91741208  4.359977 1.627847e-05
   2      mom_iq  0.6099746 0.05852092 10.423188 7.661950e-23

Berhati-hatilah terhadap makna sebenarnya dari p-value

Membandingkan probabilitas Frequentist dan Bayesian

Berapa probabilitas seorang wanita mengidap kanker, jika mamogram positif?
- P(+M | C) = 0,9
- P(C) = 0,004
- P(+M) = (0,9 x 0,004) + (0,1 x 0,996) = 0,1
Berapa P(C | M+)?
- 0,036

Data Spotify

songs

 # A tibble: 215 x 7
    track_name    artist_name song_age valence tempo popularity duration_ms
    <chr>         <chr>          <int>   <dbl> <dbl>      <int>       <int>
  1 Crazy In Love Beyoncé         5351   70.1   99.3         72      235933
  2 Naughty Girl  Beyoncé         5351   64.3  100.0         59      208600
  3 Baby Boy      Beyoncé         5351   77.4   91.0         57      244867
  4 Hip Hop Star  Beyoncé         5351   96.8  167.          39      222533
  5 Be With You   Beyoncé         5351   75.6   74.9         42      260160
  6 Me, Myself a… Beyoncé         5351   55.5   83.6         54      301173
  7 Yes           Beyoncé         5351   56.2  112.          43      259093
  8 Signs         Beyoncé         5351   39.8   74.3         41      298533
  9 Speechless    Beyoncé         5351    9.92 113.          41      360440
 # ... with 206 more rows

Ayo berlatih!

Pemodelan Regresi Bayesian dengan rstanarm