ウィンドウ関数

SQL のデータ操作

Mona Khalil

Data Scientist, Greenhouse Software

集計値の扱い

非集計列はすべて、GROUP BY の使用が必要

SELECT
  country_id,
  season,
  date,
  AVG(home_goal) AS avg_home
FROM match
GROUP BY country_id;

ERROR: column "match.season" must appear in the GROUP BY 
clause or be used in an aggregate function

ウィンドウ関数の紹介

すでに作成された結果セット（ウィンドウ）に対して計算を実行
集計計算
- SELECT 句内のサブクエリと同様
- 累計、順位、移動平均

ウィンドウ関数とは？

2011/2012 の各試合の得点を、全体の平均と比較

SELECT
  date,
  (home_goal + away_goal) AS goals,
  (SELECT AVG(home_goal + away_goal) 
     FROM match
     WHERE season = '2011/2012') AS overall_avg
FROM match
WHERE season = '2011/2012';

| date       | goals | overall_avg       |
|------------|-------|-------------------|
| 2011-07-29 | 3     | 2.71646           |
| 2011-07-30 | 2     | 2.71646           |
| 2011-07-30 | 4     | 2.71646           |
| 2011-07-30 | 1     | 2.71646           |

ウィンドウ関数とは？

2011/2012 年の各試合の得点と全体の平均を比較

SELECT
    date,
    (home_goal + away_goal) AS goals,
    AVG(home_goal + away_goal) OVER() AS overall_avg
FROM match
WHERE season = '2011/2012';

| date       | goals | overall_avg       |
|------------|-------|-------------------|
| 2011-07-29 | 3     | 2.71646           |
| 2011-07-30 | 2     | 2.71646           |
| 2011-07-30 | 4     | 2.71646           |
| 2011-07-30 | 1     | 2.71646           |

RANK を作成

得点数に基づく試合の順位は？

SELECT
    date,
    (home_goal + away_goal) AS goals
FROM match
WHERE season = '2011/2012';

| date       | goals |
|------------|-------|
| 2011-07-29 | 3     |
| 2011-07-30 | 2     |
| 2011-07-30 | 4     |
| 2011-07-30 | 1     |

RANK を作成

得点数に基づく試合の順位は？

SELECT
    date,
    (home_goal + away_goal) AS goals,
    RANK() OVER(ORDER BY home_goal + away_goal) AS goals_rank
FROM match
WHERE season = '2011/2012';

| date       | goals | goals_rank |
|------------|-------|------------|
| 2012-04-28 | 0     | 1          |
| 2011-12-26 | 0     | 1          |
| 2011-09-10 | 0     | 1          |
| 2011-08-27 | 0     | 1          |
| 2012-01-07 | 0     | 1          |

RANK を作成

得点数に基づく試合の順位は？

SELECT
    date,
    (home_goal + away_goal) AS goals,
    RANK() OVER(ORDER BY home_goal + away_goal DESC) AS goals_rank
FROM match
WHERE season = '2011/2012';

| date       | goals | goals_rank |
|------------|-------|------------|
| 2011-11-06 | 10    | 1          |
| 2011-08-28 | 10    | 1          |
| 2012-05-12 | 9     | 3          |
| 2012-02-12 | 9     | 3          |
| 2012-03-09 | 9     | 3          |

主な違い

ORDER BY 以外の、クエリのすべてが処理された_後に_実行
- データベースではなく結果セットを使用
PostgreSQL、Oracle、MySQL、SQL Server で利用可能
- しかし、SQLite では利用不可（NOT SQLite!）

練習しましょう！

SQL のデータ操作