より良いループの書き方

効率的なPythonコードの書き方

Logan Thomas

Scientific Software Technical Trainer, Enthought

このレッスンの注意

次の一部のループは、前のレッスンの手法で省略できます。
このレッスンの例は、説明のためだけに使用しています。

alt=”警告: デモ目的のみ”の警告標識

より良いループの書き方

各ループ反復で何をしているかを把握する
1回だけの計算はループ外（上）に出す
一括変換はループ外（下）で行う
1回だけ行う処理はすべてループ外に置く

計算をループの上に移動

import numpy as np

names = ['Absol', 'Aron', 'Jynx', 'Natu', 'Onix']
attacks = np.array([130, 70, 50, 50, 45])

for pokemon,attack in zip(names, attacks):

    total_attack_avg = attacks.mean()

    if attack > total_attack_avg:
        print(
            "{}'s attack: {} > average: {}!"
            .format(pokemon, attack, total_attack_avg)
        )

Absol's attack: 130 > average: 69.0!
Aron's attack: 70 > average: 69.0!

import numpy as np

names = ['Absol', 'Aron', 'Jynx', 'Natu', 'Onix']
attacks = np.array([130, 70, 50, 50, 45])

# ループの外で一度だけ平均を計算
total_attack_avg = attacks.mean()

for pokemon,attack in zip(names, attacks):

    if attack > total_attack_avg:
        print(
            "{}'s attack: {} > average: {}!"
            .format(pokemon, attack, total_attack_avg)
        )

Absol's attack: 130 > average: 69.0!
Aron's attack: 70 > average: 69.0!

計算をループの上に移動

%%timeit
for pokemon,attack in zip(names, attacks):

    total_attack_avg = attacks.mean()

    if attack > total_attack_avg:
        print(
            "{}'s attack: {} > average: {}!"
            .format(pokemon, attack, total_attack_avg)
        )

74.9 µs ± 3.42 µs per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 7 runs, 10000 loops each)

計算をループの上に移動

%%timeit
# ループの外で一度だけ平均を計算
total_attack_avg = attacks.mean()

for pokemon,attack in zip(names, attacks):

    if attack > total_attack_avg:
        print(
            "{}'s attack: {} > average: {}!"
            .format(pokemon, attack, total_attack_avg)
        )

37.5 µs ± 281 ns per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 7 runs, 10000 loops each)

一括変換を使う

names = ['Pikachu', 'Squirtle', 'Articuno', ...]
legend_status = [False, False, True, ...]
generations = [1, 1, 1, ...]

poke_data = []
for poke_tuple in zip(names, legend_status, generations):

    poke_list = list(poke_tuple)

    poke_data.append(poke_list)

print(poke_data)

[['Pikachu', False, 1], ['Squirtle', False, 1], ['Articuno', True, 1], ...]

一括変換を使う

names = ['Pikachu', 'Squirtle', 'Articuno', ...]
legend_status = [False, False, True, ...]
generations = [1, 1, 1, ...]

poke_data_tuples = []
for poke_tuple in zip(names, legend_status, generations):
    poke_data_tuples.append(poke_tuple)

poke_data = [*map(list, poke_data_tuples)]

print(poke_data)

[['Pikachu', False, 1], ['Squirtle', False, 1], ['Articuno', True, 1], ...]

%%timeit
poke_data = []
for poke_tuple in zip(names, legend_status, generations):
    poke_list = list(poke_tuple)
    poke_data.append(poke_list)

261 µs ± 23.2 µs per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 7 runs, 1000 loops each)

%%timeit
poke_data_tuples = []
for poke_tuple in zip(names, legend_status, generations):
    poke_data_tuples.append(poke_tuple)

poke_data = [*map(list, poke_data_tuples)]

224 µs ± 1.67 µs per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 7 runs, 1000 loops each)

練習の時間です！

効率的なPythonコードの書き方