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PostgreSQL 요약 통계와 윈도 함수

Michel Semaan

Data Scientist

네 가지 함수

상대

LAG(column, n)은 현재 행에서 n행 이전의 column 값을 반환합니다
LEAD(column, n)은 현재 행에서 n행 이후의 column 값을 반환합니다

절대

FIRST_VALUE(column)은 테이블/파티션의 첫 값을 반환합니다
LAST_VALUE(column)은 테이블/파티션의 마지막 값을 반환합니다

LEAD

쿼리

WITH Hosts AS (
  SELECT DISTINCT Year, City
  FROM Summer_Medals)

SELECT
  Year, City,
  LEAD(City, 1) OVER (ORDER BY Year ASC)
    AS Next_City,
  LEAD(City, 2) OVER (ORDER BY Year ASC)
    AS After_Next_City
FROM Hosts
ORDER BY Year ASC;

결과

| Year | City      | Next_City | After_Next_City |
|------|-----------|-----------|-----------------|
| 1896 | Athens    | Paris     | St Louis        |
| 1900 | Paris     | St Louis  | London          |
| 1904 | St Louis  | London    | Stockholm       |
| 1908 | London    | Stockholm | Antwerp         |
| 1912 | Stockholm | Antwerp   | Paris           |
| ...  | ...       | ...       | ...             |

FIRST_VALUE와 LAST_VALUE

쿼리

SELECT
  Year, City,
  FIRST_VALUE(City) OVER
    (ORDER BY Year ASC) AS First_City,
  LAST_VALUE(City) OVER (
   ORDER BY Year ASC
   RANGE BETWEEN
     UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND
     UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING
  ) AS Last_City
FROM Hosts
ORDER BY Year ASC;

결과

| Year | City      | First_City | Last_City       |
|------|-----------|------------|-----------------|
| 1896 | Athens    | Athens     | London          |
| 1900 | Paris     | Athens     | London          |
| 1904 | St Louis  | Athens     | London          |
| 1908 | London    | Athens     | London          |
| 1912 | Stockholm | Athens     | London          |

기본적으로 윈도우는 테이블/파티션의 시작에서 현재 행까지입니다
RANGE BETWEEN ... 절은 윈도우를 테이블/파티션의 끝까지 확장합니다

LEAD로 파티셔닝

PARTITION BY 없이 LEAD(Champion, 1)

| Year | Event        | Champion | Next_Champion |
|------|--------------|----------|---------------|
| 2004 | Discus Throw | LTU      | EST           |
| 2008 | Discus Throw | EST      | GER           |
| 2012 | Discus Throw | GER      | SWE           |
| 2004 | Triple Jump  | SWE      | POR           |
| 2008 | Triple Jump  | POR      | USA           |
| 2012 | Triple Jump  | USA      | null          |

PARTITION BY Event과 함께 LEAD(Champion, 1)

| Year | Event        | Champion | Next_Champion |
|------|--------------|----------|---------------|
| 2004 | Discus Throw | LTU      | EST           |
| 2008 | Discus Throw | EST      | GER           |
| 2012 | Discus Throw | GER      | null          |
| 2004 | Triple Jump  | SWE      | POR           |
| 2008 | Triple Jump  | POR      | USA           |
| 2012 | Triple Jump  | USA      | null          |

FIRST_VALUE로 파티셔닝

PARTITION BY Event 없이 FIRST_VALUE(Champion)

| Year | Event        | Champion | First_Champion |
|------|--------------|----------|----------------|
| 2004 | Discus Throw | LTU      | LTU            |
| 2008 | Discus Throw | EST      | LTU            |
| 2012 | Discus Throw | GER      | LTU            |
| 2004 | Triple Jump  | SWE      | LTU            |
| 2008 | Triple Jump  | POR      | LTU            |
| 2012 | Triple Jump  | USA      | LTU            |

PARTITION BY Event과 함께 FIRST_VALUE(Champion)

| Year | Event        | Champion | First_Champion |
|------|--------------|----------|----------------|
| 2004 | Discus Throw | LTU      | LTU            |
| 2008 | Discus Throw | EST      | LTU            |
| 2012 | Discus Throw | GER      | LTU            |
| 2004 | Triple Jump  | SWE      | SWE            |
| 2008 | Triple Jump  | POR      | SWE            |
| 2012 | Triple Jump  | USA      | SWE            |

연습해 봅시다!

PostgreSQL 요약 통계와 윈도 함수