GROUP BY와 HAVING

SQL Server 입문

John MacKintosh

Instructor

단순 SELECT

SELECT 
  SUM(demand_loss_mw) AS lost_demand 
FROM grid;

+-------------+
| lost_demand | 
+-------------+
| 177888      |
+-------------+

그룹화 오류

열을 추가하여 세분화할 수 있을까요?

SELECT 
  SUM(demand_loss_mw) AS lost_demand, 
  description 
FROM grid;

Msg 8120, Level 16, State 1, Line 1
Column 'grid.description' is invalid in the select list because it is not contained in 
either an aggregate function or the GROUP BY clause.

SELECT 
  SUM(demand_loss_mw) AS lost_demand,
  description 
FROM grid 
GROUP BY description;

+----------- -+-------------------------------------------------------+
| lost_demand | description                                           | 
+-------------+-------------------------------------------------------+
| NULL        | Actual Physical Attack                                |
| NULL        | Cold Weather Event                                    |
| NULL        | Cyber Event with Potential to Cause Impact            |
| 40          | Distribution Interruption                             |
| 2           | Distribution System Interruption                      |
| NULL        | Earthquake                                            |
| NULL        | Electrical Fault at Generator                         |
| 338         | Electrical System Islanding                           |
| 24514       | Electrical System Separation Islanding                |
| 15          | Electrical System Separation Islanding Severe Weather |
+-------------+-------------------------------------------------------+

SELECT 
  SUM(demand_loss_mw) AS lost_demand, 
  description 
FROM grid 
WHERE 
  description LIKE '%storm' 
  AND demand_loss_mw IS NOT NULL 
GROUP BY description;

+----------- -+--------------------------------------------+
| lost_demand | description                                | 
|-------------+--------------------------------------------|
| 996         | Ice Storm                                  |
| 420         | Load Shed Severe Weather   Lightning Storm |
| 332         | Major Storm                                |
| 3           | Severe Weather  Thunderstorm               |
| 413         | Severe Weather  Wind Storm                 |
| 4171        | Severe Weather  Winter Storm               |
| 1352        | Winter Storm                               |
+-------------+--------------------------------------------+

HAVING

SELECT에서 집계 함수 사용 가능
WHERE로 데이터 필터링
GROUP BY로 데이터를 그룹으로 분할
그룹별 합계를 구하려면?
... 그 합계를 다시 필터링하려면?

SELECT 
  SUM(demand_loss_mw) AS lost_demand, 
  description 
FROM grid 
WHERE 
  description LIKE '%storm' 
  AND demand_loss_mw IS NOT NULL 
GROUP BY description;

+----------- -+--------------------------------------------+
| lost_demand | description                                | 
+-------------+--------------------------------------------+
| 996         | Ice Storm                                  |
| 420         | Load Shed Severe Weather   Lightning Storm |
| 332         | Major Storm                                |
| 3           | Severe Weather  Thunderstorm               |
| 413         | Severe Weather  Wind Storm                 |
| 4171        | Severe Weather  Winter Storm               |
| 1352        | Winter Storm                               |
+-------------+--------------------------------------------+

SELECT 
  SUM(demand_loss_mw) AS lost_demand, 
  description 
FROM grid 
WHERE 
  description LIKE '%storm' 
  AND demand_loss_mw IS NOT NULL 
GROUP BY description
HAVING SUM(demand_loss_mw) > 1000;

+----------- -+--------------------------------------------+
| lost_demand | description                                | 
|-------------+--------------------------------------------|
| 4171        | Severe Weather  Winter Storm               |
| 1352        | Winter Storm                               |
+-------------+--------------------------------------------+

요약

GROUP BY는 하나 이상의 값 조합으로 데이터를 분할합니다
WHERE는 행 값을 기준으로 필터링합니다
HAVING은 GROUP BY 절 뒤에 위치하며 그룹 또는 집계 결과를 필터링합니다

배운 내용을 직접 실습해 보겠습니다!

SQL Server 입문