窗口函数

SQL 中的数据处理

Mona Khalil

Data Scientist, Greenhouse Software

处理聚合值

要求对所有非聚合列使用 GROUP BY

SELECT
  country_id,
  season,
  date,
  AVG(home_goal) AS avg_home
FROM match
GROUP BY country_id;

ERROR: column "match.season" must appear in the GROUP BY 
clause or be used in an aggregate function

窗口函数简介

在已生成的结果集（窗口）上计算
聚合计算
- 类似 SELECT 中的子查询
- 累计、排名、移动平均

什么是窗口函数？

2011/2012 赛季每场进了多少球？与平均值相比如何？

SELECT
  date,
  (home_goal + away_goal) AS goals,
  (SELECT AVG(home_goal + away_goal) 
     FROM match
     WHERE season = '2011/2012') AS overall_avg
FROM match
WHERE season = '2011/2012';

| date       | goals | overall_avg       |
|------------|-------|-------------------|
| 2011-07-29 | 3     | 2.71646           |
| 2011-07-30 | 2     | 2.71646           |
| 2011-07-30 | 4     | 2.71646           |
| 2011-07-30 | 1     | 2.71646           |

什么是窗口函数？

2011/2012 赛季每场进了多少球？与平均值相比如何？

SELECT
    date,
    (home_goal + away_goal) AS goals,
    AVG(home_goal + away_goal) OVER() AS overall_avg
FROM match
WHERE season = '2011/2012';

| date       | goals | overall_avg       |
|------------|-------|-------------------|
| 2011-07-29 | 3     | 2.71646           |
| 2011-07-30 | 2     | 2.71646           |
| 2011-07-30 | 4     | 2.71646           |
| 2011-07-30 | 1     | 2.71646           |

生成 RANK

按进球数给比赛排名是多少？

SELECT
    date,
    (home_goal + away_goal) AS goals
FROM match
WHERE season = '2011/2012';

| date       | goals |
|------------|-------|
| 2011-07-29 | 3     |
| 2011-07-30 | 2     |
| 2011-07-30 | 4     |
| 2011-07-30 | 1     |

生成 RANK

按进球数给比赛排名是多少？

SELECT
    date,
    (home_goal + away_goal) AS goals,
    RANK() OVER(ORDER BY home_goal + away_goal) AS goals_rank
FROM match
WHERE season = '2011/2012';

| date       | goals | goals_rank |
|------------|-------|------------|
| 2012-04-28 | 0     | 1          |
| 2011-12-26 | 0     | 1          |
| 2011-09-10 | 0     | 1          |
| 2011-08-27 | 0     | 1          |
| 2012-01-07 | 0     | 1          |

生成 RANK

按进球数给比赛排名是多少？

SELECT
    date,
    (home_goal + away_goal) AS goals,
    RANK() OVER(ORDER BY home_goal + away_goal DESC) AS goals_rank
FROM match
WHERE season = '2011/2012';

| date       | goals | goals_rank |
|------------|-------|------------|
| 2011-11-06 | 10    | 1          |
| 2011-08-28 | 10    | 1          |
| 2012-05-12 | 9     | 3          |
| 2012-02-12 | 9     | 3          |
| 2012-03-09 | 9     | 3          |

关键差异

在除 ORDER BY{{1}} 外的所有查询部分之后执行
- 使用结果集而非数据库中的信息
适用于 PostgreSQL、Oracle、MySQL、SQL Server 等
- 但不支持 SQLite

开始练习吧！

SQL 中的数据处理