移动平均与移动总计

PostgreSQL 汇总统计与窗口函数

Michel Semaan

Moving averages

概览

移动平均（MA）：最近 n 个周期的平均值
- 例：销售中10日MA为最近10天售出数量的平均
- 用于指示动量/趋势
- 也可用于消除季节性
移动总计：最近 n 个周期的总和
- 例：最近3届奥运会奖牌数之和
- 用于衡量表现；若总和下降，则整体表现下降

源表

查询

SELECT
  Year, COUNT(*) AS Medals
FROM Summer_Medals
WHERE
  Country = 'USA'
  AND Medal = 'Gold'
  AND Year >= 1980
GROUP BY Year
ORDER BY Year ASC;

结果

| Year | Medals |
|------|--------|
| 1984 | 168    |
| 1988 | 77     |
| 1992 | 89     |
| 1996 | 160    |
| 2000 | 130    |
| 2004 | 116    |
| 2008 | 125    |
| 2012 | 147    |

移动平均

查询

WITH US_Medals AS (...)

SELECT
  Year, Medals,
  AVG(Medals) OVER
    (ORDER BY Year ASC
     ROWS BETWEEN
     2 PRECEDING AND CURRENT ROW) AS Medals_MA
FROM US_Medals
ORDER BY Year ASC;

结果

| Year | Medals | Medals_MA |
|------|--------|-----------|
| 1984 | 168    | 168.00    |
| 1988 | 77     | 122.50    |
| 1992 | 89     | 111.33    |
| 1996 | 160    | 108.67    |
| 2000 | 130    | 126.33    |
| 2004 | 116    | 135.33    |
| 2008 | 125    | 123.67    |
| 2012 | 147    | 129.33    |

移动总计

查询

WITH US_Medals AS (...)

SELECT
  Year, Medals,
  SUM(Medals) OVER
    (ORDER BY Year ASC
     ROWS BETWEEN
     2 PRECEDING AND CURRENT ROW) AS Medals_MT
FROM US_Medals
ORDER BY Year ASC;

结果

| Year | Medals | Medals_MT |
|------|--------|-----------|
| 1984 | 168    | 168       |
| 1988 | 77     | 245       |
| 1992 | 89     | 334       |
| 1996 | 160    | 326       |
| 2000 | 130    | 379       |
| 2004 | 116    | 406       |
| 2008 | 125    | 371       |
| 2012 | 147    | 388       |

ROWS 与 RANGE

RANGE BETWEEN [START] AND [FINISH]
- 与 ROWS BETWEEN 功能几乎相同
- RANGE 将 OVER 的 ORDER BY 子句中的重复值视为一个实体

表

| Year | Medals | Rows_RT | Range_RT |
|------|--------|---------|----------|
| 1992 | 10     | 10      | 10       |
| 1996 | 50     | 60      | 110      |
| 2000 | 50     | 110     | 110      |
| 2004 | 60     | 170     | 230      |
| 2008 | 60     | 230     | 230      |
| 2012 | 70     | 300     | 300      |

实务中几乎总是用 ROWS BETWEEN 而非 RANGE BETWEEN

Passons à la pratique !

PostgreSQL 汇总统计与窗口函数