用 Python 查询关系型数据库

Python 数据导入入门

Hugo Bowne-Anderson

Data Scientist at DataCamp

基础 SQL 查询

SELECT * FROM Table_Name

返回表的所有行与列
示例：

SELECT * FROM Orders

我们将使用 SQLAlchemy 和 pandas

SQL 查询流程

导入包与函数
创建数据库引擎
连接引擎
查询数据库
将结果保存为 DataFrame
关闭连接

您的第一个 SQL 查询

from sqlalchemy import create_engine
import pandas as pd

engine = create_engine('sqlite:///Northwind.sqlite')

con = engine.connect()

rs = con.execute("SELECT * FROM Orders")

df = pd.DataFrame(rs.fetchall())

con.close()

打印查询结果

print(df.head())

       0      1   2                      3                      4 
0  10248  VINET   5   7/4/1996 12:00:00 AM   8/1/1996 12:00:00 AM   
1  10251  VICTE   3   7/8/1996 12:00:00 AM   8/5/1996 12:00:00 AM   
2  10254  CHOPS   5  7/11/1996 12:00:00 AM   8/8/1996 12:00:00 AM   
3  10256  WELLI   3  7/15/1996 12:00:00 AM  8/12/1996 12:00:00 AM   
4  10258  ERNSH   1  7/17/1996 12:00:00 AM  8/14/1996 12:00:00 AM

设置 DataFrame 列名

from sqlalchemy import create_engine
import pandas as pd
engine = create_engine('sqlite:///Northwind.sqlite')
con = engine.connect()
rs = con.execute("SELECT * FROM Orders")
df = pd.DataFrame(rs.fetchall())
df.columns = rs.keys()
con.close()

设置数据框列名

print(df.head())

   OrderID CustomerID  EmployeeID              OrderDate  
0    10248      VINET           5   7/4/1996 12:00:00 AM   
1    10251      VICTE           3   7/8/1996 12:00:00 AM   
2    10254      CHOPS           5  7/11/1996 12:00:00 AM   
3    10256      WELLI           3  7/15/1996 12:00:00 AM   
4    10258      ERNSH           1  7/17/1996 12:00:00 AM

使用上下文管理器

from sqlalchemy import create_engine
import pandas as pd
engine = create_engine('sqlite:///Northwind.sqlite')

with engine.connect() as con:
    rs = con.execute("SELECT OrderID, OrderDate, ShipName FROM Orders")
    df = pd.DataFrame(rs.fetchmany(size=5))
    df.columns = rs.keys()

Passons à la pratique !

Python 数据导入入门