完整性

Python 数据清洗

Adel Nehme

VP of AI Curriculum, DataCamp

什么是缺失数据？

可表示为 NA、nan、0、. 等

技术错误

人为错误

空气质量示例

import pandas as pd
airquality = pd.read_csv('airquality.csv')
print(airquality)

            Date  Temperature  CO2
987   20/04/2004         16.8  0.0
2119  07/06/2004         18.7  0.8
2451  20/06/2004        -40.0  NaN
1984  01/06/2004         19.6  1.8
8299  19/02/2005         11.2  1.2
...      ...             ...   ...

空气质量示例

import pandas as pd
airquality = pd.read_csv('airquality.csv')
print(airquality)

            Date  Temperature  CO2
987   20/04/2004         16.8  0.0
2119  07/06/2004         18.7  0.8
2451  20/06/2004        -40.0  NaN   <--
1984  01/06/2004         19.6  1.8
8299  19/02/2005         11.2  1.2
...      ...             ...   ...

空气质量示例

# 返回缺失值指示
airquality.isna()

       Date  Temperature    CO2
987   False        False  False
2119  False        False  False
2451  False        False   True
1984  False        False  False
8299  False        False  False

空气质量示例

# 汇总缺失情况
airquality.isna().sum()

Date             0
Temperature      0
CO2            366
dtype: int64

Missingno

用于可视化和理解缺失数据的实用包

import missingno as msno
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

# 可视化缺失情况
msno.matrix(airquality)
plt.show()

空气质量示例

# 分离缺失值与完整值
missing = airquality[airquality['CO2'].isna()]
complete = airquality[~airquality['CO2'].isna()]

空气质量示例

# 描述完整的 DataFrame
complete.describe()

       Temperature          CO2
count  8991.000000  8991.000000
mean     18.317829     1.739584
std       8.832116     1.537580
min      -1.900000     0.000000
...      ...        ...
max      44.600000    11.900000

# 描述缺失的 DataFrame
missing.describe()

       Temperature  CO2
count   366.000000  0.0
mean    -39.655738  NaN
std       5.988716  NaN
min     -49.000000  NaN
...      ...        ...
max     -30.000000  NaN

空气质量示例

# 描述完整的 DataFrame
complete.describe()

       Temperature          CO2
count  8991.000000  8991.000000
mean     18.317829     1.739584
std       8.832116     1.537580
min      -1.900000     0.000000
...      ...        ...
max      44.600000    11.900000

# 描述缺失的 DataFrame
missing.describe()

       Temperature  CO2
count   366.000000  0.0
mean    -39.655738  NaN   <--
std       5.988716  NaN
min     -49.000000  NaN   <--
...      ...        ...
max     -30.000000  NaN   <--

sorted_airquality = airquality.sort_values(by = 'Temperature')
msno.matrix(sorted_airquality)
plt.show()

sorted_airquality = airquality.sort_values(by = 'Temperature')
msno.matrix(sorted_airquality)
plt.show()

缺失类型

如何处理缺失数据？

简单方法：

删除缺失数据
以统计量填补（均值、中位数、众数等）

更复杂的方法：

用算法方法插补
用机器学习模型插补

处理缺失数据

airquality.head()

         Date  Temperature  CO2
0  05/03/2005          8.5  2.5
1  23/08/2004         21.8  0.0
2  18/02/2005          6.3  1.0
3  08/02/2005        -31.0  NaN
4  13/03/2005         19.9  0.1

删除缺失值

# 删除缺失值
airquality_dropped = airquality.dropna(subset = ['CO2'])
airquality_dropped.head()

         Date  Temperature  CO2
0  05/03/2005          8.5  2.5
1  23/08/2004         21.8  0.0
2  18/02/2005          6.3  1.0
4  13/03/2005         19.9  0.1
5  02/04/2005         17.0  0.8

用统计量替换

co2_mean = airquality['CO2'].mean()
airquality_imputed = airquality.fillna({'CO2': co2_mean})
airquality_imputed.head()

          Date  Temperature       CO2
0  05/03/2005          8.5  2.500000
1  23/08/2004         21.8  0.000000
2  18/02/2005          6.3  1.000000
3  08/02/2005        -31.0  1.739584
4  13/03/2005         19.9  0.100000

让我们来练习吧！

Python 数据清洗