清洗文本数据
Python 数据清洗
Adel Nehme
VP of AI Curriculum, DataCamp
什么是文本数据？
| 数据类型 | 示例值 |
|---|---|
| 姓名 | Alex、Sara … |
| 电话号码 | +96171679912 … |
| 电子邮件 | `[email protected]`… |
| 密码 | … |
常见文本数据问题
1) 数据不一致：
+96171679912 或 0096171679912 或？
2) 固定长度违规：
密码至少需 8 个字符
3) 拼写错误：
+961.71.679912
示例
phones = pd.read_csv('phones.csv')
print(phones)
Full name Phone number
0 Noelani A. Gray 001-702-397-5143
1 Myles Z. Gomez 001-329-485-0540
2 Gil B. Silva 001-195-492-2338
3 Prescott D. Hardin +1-297-996-4904
4 Benedict G. Valdez 001-969-820-3536
5 Reece M. Andrews 4138
6 Hayfa E. Keith 001-536-175-8444
7 Hedley I. Logan 001-681-552-1823
8 Jack W. Carrillo 001-910-323-5265
9 Lionel M. Davis 001-143-119-9210
示例
phones = pd.read_csv('phones.csv')
print(phones)
Full name Phone number
0 Noelani A. Gray 001-702-397-5143
1 Myles Z. Gomez 001-329-485-0540
2 Gil B. Silva 001-195-492-2338
3 Prescott D. Hardin +1-297-996-4904 <-- 数据格式不一致
4 Benedict G. Valdez 001-969-820-3536
5 Reece M. Andrews 4138 <-- 长度违规
6 Hayfa E. Keith 001-536-175-8444
7 Hedley I. Logan 001-681-552-1823
8 Jack W. Carrillo 001-910-323-5265
9 Lionel M. Davis 001-143-119-9210
示例
phones = pd.read_csv('phones.csv')
print(phones)
Full name Phone number
0 Noelani A. Gray 0017023975143
1 Myles Z. Gomez 0013294850540
2 Gil B. Silva 0011954922338
3 Prescott D. Hardin 0012979964904
4 Benedict G. Valdez 0019698203536
5 Reece M. Andrews NaN
6 Hayfa E. Keith 0015361758444
7 Hedley I. Logan 0016815521823
8 Jack W. Carrillo 0019103235265
9 Lionel M. Davis 0011431199210
修复电话号码列
# 将 "+" 替换为 "00"
phones["Phone number"] = phones["Phone number"].str.replace("+", "00")
phones
Full name Phone number
0 Noelani A. Gray 001-702-397-5143
1 Myles Z. Gomez 001-329-485-0540
2 Gil B. Silva 001-195-492-2338
3 Prescott D. Hardin 001-297-996-4904
4 Benedict G. Valdez 001-969-820-3536
5 Reece M. Andrews 4138
6 Hayfa E. Keith 001-536-175-8444
7 Hedley I. Logan 001-681-552-1823
8 Jack W. Carrillo 001-910-323-5265
9 Lionel M. Davis 001-143-119-9210
修复电话号码列
# 将 "-" 替换为空
phones["Phone number"] = phones["Phone number"].str.replace("-", "")
phones
Full name Phone number
0 Noelani A. Gray 0017023975143
1 Myles Z. Gomez 0013294850540
2 Gil B. Silva 0011954922338
3 Prescott D. Hardin 0012979964904
4 Benedict G. Valdez 0019698203536
5 Reece M. Andrews 4138
6 Hayfa E. Keith 0015361758444
7 Hedley I. Logan 0016815521823
8 Jack W. Carrillo 0019103235265
9 Lionel M. Davis 0011431199210
修复电话号码列
# 将少于10位的号码替换为 NaN
digits = phones['Phone number'].str.len()
phones.loc[digits < 10, "Phone number"] = np.nan
phones
Full name Phone number
0 Noelani A. Gray 0017023975143
1 Myles Z. Gomez 0013294850540
2 Gil B. Silva 0011954922338
3 Prescott D. Hardin 0012979964904
4 Benedict G. Valdez 0019698203536
5 Reece M. Andrews NaN
6 Hayfa E. Keith 0015361758444
7 Hedley I. Logan 0016815521823
8 Jack W. Carrillo 0019103235265
9 Lionel M. Davis 0011431199210
修复电话号码列
# 计算"Phone number"每行的长度
sanity_check = phone['Phone number'].str.len()
# 断言最小号码长度为 10
assert sanity_check.min() >= 10
# 断言所有号码不含 "+" 或 "-"
assert phone['Phone number'].str.contains("+|-").any() == False
请记住， assert 在条件通过时不返回任何内容
更复杂的情况怎么办？
phones.head()
Full name Phone number
0 Olga Robinson +(01706)-25891
1 Justina Kim +0500-571437
2 Tamekah Henson +0800-1111
3 Miranda Solis +07058-879063
4 Caldwell Gilliam +(016977)-8424
增强版 Ctrl + F
正则表达式实战
# 将字母替换为空
phones['Phone number'] = phones['Phone number'].str.replace(r'\D+', '')
phones.head()
Full name Phone number
0 Olga Robinson 0170625891
1 Justina Kim 0500571437
2 Tamekah Henson 08001111
3 Miranda Solis 07058879063
4 Caldwell Gilliam 0169778424
Passons à la pratique !
Python 数据清洗
