Python 树模型机器学习
Elie Kawerk
Data Scientist
易于理解。
易于解释。
易于使用。
灵活性:可表征非线性依赖。
预处理:无需标准化或归一化特征等。
分类:只能产生正交决策边界。
对训练集的微小变化敏感。
高方差:不加约束的 CART 可能过拟合。
解决方案:集成学习。
在同一数据集上训练不同模型。
让每个模型各自预测。
元模型:聚合各模型预测。
最终预测:更稳健、错误更少。
最佳效果:模型擅长的方面互补。

二分类任务。
有 N 个分类器预测:P1、P2、…、PN,且 Pi = 0 或 1。
元模型预测:硬投票。

# Import functions to compute accuracy and split data
from sklearn.metrics import accuracy_score
from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split
# Import models, including VotingClassifier meta-model
from sklearn.linear_model import LogisticRegression
from sklearn.tree import DecisionTreeClassifier
from sklearn.neighbors import KNeighborsClassifier as KNN
from sklearn.ensemble import VotingClassifier
# Set seed for reproducibility
SEED = 1
# Split data into 70% train and 30% test X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test = train_test_split(X, y, test_size= 0.3, random_state= SEED) # Instantiate individual classifiers lr = LogisticRegression(random_state=SEED) knn = KNN() dt = DecisionTreeClassifier(random_state=SEED)# Define a list called classifier that contains the tuples (classifier_name, classifier) classifiers = [('Logistic Regression', lr), ('K Nearest Neighbours', knn), ('Classification Tree', dt)]
# Iterate over the defined list of tuples containing the classifiers
for clf_name, clf in classifiers:
#fit clf to the training set
clf.fit(X_train, y_train)
# Predict the labels of the test set
y_pred = clf.predict(X_test)
# Evaluate the accuracy of clf on the test set
print('{:s} : {:.3f}'.format(clf_name, accuracy_score(y_test, y_pred)))
Logistic Regression: 0.947
K Nearest Neighbours: 0.930
Classification Tree: 0.930
# Instantiate a VotingClassifier 'vc'
vc = VotingClassifier(estimators=classifiers)
# Fit 'vc' to the traing set and predict test set labels
vc.fit(X_train, y_train)
y_pred = vc.predict(X_test)
# Evaluate the test-set accuracy of 'vc'
print('Voting Classifier: {.3f}'.format(accuracy_score(y_test, y_pred)))
Voting Classifier: 0.953
Python 树模型机器学习