Python 抽样
James Chapman
Curriculum Manager, DataCamp
不放回抽样:

有放回抽样("重抽样"):

总体:

样本:

总体:

重抽样:

coffee_ratings:来自所有咖啡总体的一个样本coffee_focus = coffee_ratings[["variety", "country_of_origin", "flavor"]]
coffee_focus = coffee_focus.reset_index()
index variety country_of_origin flavor
0 0 None Ethiopia 8.83
1 1 Other Ethiopia 8.67
2 2 Bourbon Guatemala 8.50
3 3 None Ethiopia 8.58
4 4 Other Ethiopia 8.50
... ... ... ... ...
1333 1333 None Ecuador 7.58
1334 1334 None Ecuador 7.67
1335 1335 None United States 7.33
1336 1336 None India 6.83
1337 1337 None Vietnam 6.67
[1338 rows x 4 columns]
coffee_resamp = coffee_focus.sample(frac=1, replace=True)
index variety country_of_origin flavor
1140 1140 Bourbon Guatemala 7.25
57 57 Bourbon Guatemala 8.00
1152 1152 Bourbon Mexico 7.08
621 621 Caturra Thailand 7.50
44 44 SL28 Kenya 8.08
... ... ... ... ...
996 996 Typica Mexico 7.33
1090 1090 Bourbon Guatemala 7.33
918 918 Other Guatemala 7.42
249 249 Caturra Colombia 7.67
467 467 Caturra Colombia 7.50
[1338 rows x 4 columns]
coffee_resamp["index"].value_counts()
658 5
167 4
363 4
357 4
1047 4
..
771 1
770 1
766 1
764 1
0 1
Name: index, Length: 868, dtype: int64
num_unique_coffees = len(coffee_resamp.drop_duplicates(subset="index"))
868
len(coffee_ratings) - num_unique_coffees
470
与从总体抽样相反
"抽样":从总体到较小的样本
"自助法":用样本构建理论总体
自助法用途:

得到的统计量称为"自助统计量",形成"自助分布"
import numpy as npmean_flavors_1000 = []for i in range(1000):mean_flavors_1000.append(np.mean(coffee_sample.sample(frac=1, replace=True)['flavor']))
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
plt.hist(mean_flavors_1000)
plt.show()

Python 抽样