Docstrings

การเขียนฟังก์ชันใน Python

Shayne Miel

Software Architect @ Duo Security

ฟังก์ชันที่ซับซ้อน

def split_and_stack(df, new_names):
  half = int(len(df.columns) / 2)
  left = df.iloc[:, :half]
  right = df.iloc[:, half:]
  return pd.DataFrame(
    data=np.vstack([left.values, right.values]),
    columns=new_names
  )

def split_and_stack(df, new_names):
  """Split a DataFrame's columns into two halves and then stack
  them vertically, returning a new DataFrame with `new_names` as the
  column names.

  Args:
    df (DataFrame): The DataFrame to split.
    new_names (iterable of str): The column names for the new DataFrame.

  Returns:
    DataFrame
  """
  half = int(len(df.columns) / 2)
  left = df.iloc[:, :half]
  right = df.iloc[:, half:]
  return pd.DataFrame(
    data=np.vstack([left.values, right.values]),
    columns=new_names
  )

โครงสร้างของ docstring

def function_name(arguments):
  """
  Description of what the function does.

  Description of the arguments, if any.

  Description of the return value(s), if any.

  Description of errors raised, if any.

  Optional extra notes or examples of usage.
  """

รูปแบบของ docstring

Google Style
Numpydoc
reStructuredText
EpyText

Google Style - คำอธิบายฟังก์ชัน

def function(arg_1, arg_2=42):
  """Description of what the function does.
  """

Google Style - อาร์กิวเมนต์

def function(arg_1, arg_2=42):
  """Description of what the function does.

  Args:
    arg_1 (str): Description of arg_1 that can break onto the next line
      if needed.
    arg_2 (int, optional): Write optional when an argument has a default
      value.
  """

Google Style - ค่าที่คืนกลับ

def function(arg_1, arg_2=42):
  """Description of what the function does.

  Args:
    arg_1 (str): Description of arg_1 that can break onto the next line
      if needed.
    arg_2 (int, optional): Write optional when an argument has a default
      value.

  Returns:
    bool: Optional description of the return value
    Extra lines are not indented.
  """

def function(arg_1, arg_2=42):
  """Description of what the function does.

  Args:
    arg_1 (str): Description of arg_1 that can break onto the next line
      if needed.
    arg_2 (int, optional): Write optional when an argument has a default
      value.

  Returns:
    bool: Optional description of the return value
    Extra lines are not indented.

  Raises:
    ValueError: Include any error types that the function intentionally
      raises.

  Notes:
    See https://www.datacamp.com/community/tutorials/docstrings-python
    for more info.  
  """

Numpydoc

def function(arg_1, arg_2=42):
  """
  Description of what the function does.

  Parameters
  ----------
  arg_1 : expected type of arg_1
    Description of arg_1.
  arg_2 : int, optional
    Write optional when an argument has a default value.
    Default=42.

  Returns
  -------
  The type of the return value
    Can include a description of the return value. 
    Replace "Returns" with "Yields" if this function is a generator.
  """

การดึง docstring

def the_answer():
  """Return the answer to life, 
  the universe, and everything.

  Returns:
    int
  """
  return 42

print(the_answer.__doc__)

Return the answer to life, 
  the universe, and everything.

  Returns:
    int

import inspect
print(inspect.getdoc(the_answer))

Return the answer to life, 
the universe, and everything.

Returns:
  int

มาฝึกกันเถอะ!

การเขียนฟังก์ชันใน Python