AR 模型估计与预测

R 中的时间序列分析

David S. Matteson

Associate Professor at Cornell University

AR 过程：通胀率

data(Mishkin, package = "Ecdat")

inflation <- as.ts(Mishkin[, 1])

ts.plot(inflation) ; acf(inflation)

$$ (今日 - 均值) = 斜率 * (昨日 - 均值) + 噪声 $$

$$Y_t - \mu = \phi(Y_{t-1} - \mu) + \epsilon_t $$

$$\epsilon_t~ WhiteNoise(0, \sigma_{\epsilon}^2)$$

AR_inflation <- arima(inflation, order = c(1, 0, 0))

print(AR_inflation)

系数:
        ar1  intercept
     0.5960     3.9745
s.e. 0.0364        0.3471
sigma^2 估计为 9.713

ar1 = $ \hat{\phi}$，intercept = $ \hat{\mu} $，sigma^2 = $\hat{\sigma}^2_{\epsilon}$

$$\hat{Y_t} = \hat{\mu} + \hat{\phi}(Y_{t-1} - \hat{\mu})$$

$$ \hat{\epsilon_t} = Y_t - \hat{Y_t}$$

ts.plot(inflation)

AR_inflation_fitted <- inflation - residuals(AR_inflation)

points(AR_inflation_fitted, type = "l"
       col = "red", lty = 2)

predict(AR_inflation)$pred

Jan
1991 1.605797

predict(AR_inflation)$se

Jan
1991 3.116526

predict(AR_inflation, n.ahead = 6)$pred

           Jan       Feb       Mar       Apr       May       Jun
1991  1.605797  2.562810  3.133165  3.473082  3.675664  3.796398

predict(AR_inflation, n.ahead = 6)$se

           Jan       Feb       Mar       Apr       May       Jun
1991  3.116526  3.628023  3.793136  3.850077  3.870101  3.877188

R 中的时间序列分析