第二范式（2NF）

创建 PostgreSQL 数据库

Darryl Reeves

Industry Assistant Professor, New York University

示例：学校教材

CREATE TABLE textbook (
    id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
    name VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
    publisher_name VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
    publisher_site VARCHAR(50),
    quantity SMALLINT NOT NULL DEFAULT 0
);

示例：学校教材

id	title	publisher_name	publisher_site	quantity
23	Introductory Algebra: 1st Edition	ABC Publishing	www.abc.com	32
74	Calculus Foundations	ABC Publishing	www.abc.com	27
112	Statistical Concepts	Martin House	www.mh.com	22

示例：更新 URL 引发不一致

id	title	publisher_name	publisher_site	quantity
23	Introductory Algebra: 1st Edition	ABC Publishing	www.abc.com	32
74	Calculus Foundations	ABC Publishing	www.abc.com	27
112	Statistical Concepts	Martin House	www.mh.com	22

示例：更新 URL 引发不一致

id	title	publisher_name	publisher_site	quantity
23	Introductory Algebra: 1st Edition	ABC Publishing	www.newabc.com	32
74	Calculus Foundations	ABC Publishing	www.abc.com	27
112	Statistical Concepts	Martin House	www.mh.com	22

示例：仅添加出版社，无教材

id	title	publisher_name	publisher_site	quantity
23	Introductory Algebra: 1st Edition	ABC Publishing	www.abc.com	32
74	Calculus Foundations	ABC Publishing	www.abc.com	27
112	Statistical Concepts	Martin House	www.mh.com	22

示例：仅添加出版社，无教材

id	title	publisher_name	publisher_site	quantity
23	Introductory Algebra: 1st Edition	ABC Publishing	www.abc.com	32
74	Calculus Foundations	ABC Publishing	www.abc.com	27
112	Statistical Concepts	Martin House	www.mh.com	22
??	??	New Horizons	www.nhorizon.com	??

示例：删除教材

id	title	publisher_name	publisher_site	quantity
23	Introductory Algebra: 1st Edition	ABC Publishing	www.abc.com	32
74	Calculus Foundations	ABC Publishing	www.abc.com	27
112	Statistical Concepts	Martin House	www.mh.com	22

示例：删除教材

id	title	publisher_name	publisher_site	quantity
23	Introductory Algebra: 1st Edition	ABC Publishing	www.abc.com	32
74	Calculus Foundations	ABC Publishing	www.abc.com	27

出版社应单独成表
插入/删除导致数据异常

满足第二范式（2NF）

满足 1NF
所有非键列依赖表的 PRIMARY KEY

示例：教材与出版社的 2NF 结构

CREATE TABLE textbook (
    id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
    name VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
    publisher_name VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
    publisher_site VARCHAR(50),
    quantity SMALLINT NOT NULL DEFAULT 0
);

示例：教材与出版社的 2NF 结构

CREATE TABLE textbook (
    id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
    name VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
    quantity SMALLINT NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
);

CREATE TABLE publisher (
    id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
    name VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
    site VARCHAR(50)
);

示例：教材与出版社的 2NF 结构

CREATE TABLE textbook (
    id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
    name VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
    quantity SMALLINT NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
    publisher_id INTEGER REFERENCES publisher(id)
);

CREATE TABLE publisher (
    id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
    name VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
    site VARCHAR(50)
);

Vamos praticar!

创建 PostgreSQL 数据库