非结构化数据

BigQuery 入门

Matt Forrest

Field CTO

为何非结构化数据很重要

非结构化数据示例：

/*--------------+-----------------------------------------*
 | customer_id  | emails                                  |
 +--------------+-----------------------------------------+
 | 12345        | ['[email protected]', '[email protected]']   |
 *--------------+-----------------------------------------*/

ARRAY

SELECT ARRAY
  (SELECT 'bigquery' UNION ALL
   SELECT 'analytics' UNION ALL
   SELECT 'sql') AS new_array;


/*------------------------------------*
 | new_array                           |
 +------------------------------------+
 | ['bigquery', 'analytics', 'sql']   |
 *-----------------------------------*/

SELECT ARRAY
  (SELECT 'bigquery' UNION ALL
   SELECT 'analytics' UNION ALL
   SELECT 'sql')[1] as result;


/*---------------*
 | result          |
 +---------------+
 | 'analytics'   |
 *---------------*/

STRUCT

SELECT
  STRUCT

  <skill string, learning bool>
  ('big query', true)    
  as skills;


/*--------------+--------------*
 | skills.skill | learning     |
 +--------------+------------- +
 | 'big query'  | true         |
 *--------------+--------------*/

SELECT
  STRUCT
  <skill string, learning bool>

  ('big query', true).skill    
  as key;


/*--------------+
 | key.         |
 +--------------+
 | 'big query'  |
 *--------------*/

ARRAY_LENGTH 与 ARRAY_CONCAT

SELECT
  ARRAY_LENGTH(
    [
      '[email protected]', 
      '[email protected]'
    ]) as len;

/*------*
 | len  |
 +------+
 | 2    |
 *------*/

SELECT
  ARRAY_CONCAT(
    ['one'], ['two']) as new_array;

/*-------------------*
 | new_array         |
 +-------------------+
 | ['one', 'two']    |
 *-------------------*/

UNNEST

对邮件数据做 UNNEST：

SELECT 
    * 
FROM
    UNNEST(['[email protected]', '[email protected]']) as emails;

/*-------------------+
 | emails            |
 +-------------------+
 | '[email protected]' |
 | '[email protected]'  |
 *-------------------*/

含 STRUCT 的 UNNEST

示例数据 - 数组中的 STRUCT：

[
    {'big query': true},
    {'sql': true}
]

SELECT 
    my_skills.skill, 
    my_skills.learned
FROM 
    UNNEST(skills) as my_skills

/*--------------+--------------*
 | skill        | learned      |
 +--------------+------------- +
 | 'big query'  | true         |
 +--------------+------------- +
 | 'sql'        | true         |
 *--------------+--------------*/

SEARCH

在邮件数据上使用 SEARCH：

SELECT 
    SEARCH(['[email protected]', '[email protected]'], 'gmail.com') as results;

/*----------*
 | results  |
 +----------+
 | true     |
 *----------*/

非结构化数据速查表

ARRAY

类似有序列表
通过从 0 开始的索引访问值（如 my_array[0]）

STRUCT

类似 JSON 或字典
可包含多种数据类型
同一列所有行的结构必须一致

ARRAY_CONCAT/ARRAY_LENGTH

连接多个数组，并获取数组长度

UNNEST

将 ARRAY 展平

SEARCH

在 ARRAY 或 STRUCT 中搜索匹配值

Passons à la pratique !

BigQuery 入门