Python 中的超参数调优
Alex Scriven
Data Scientist
无需重复造轮子。回顾网格搜索步骤:
只有一个区别:
就是这样!(基本上)
模块也很相似:
GridSearchCV:
sklearn.model_selection.GridSearchCV(estimator, param_grid,
scoring=None, fit_params=None,
n_jobs=None,
refit=True, cv='warn', verbose=0,
pre_dispatch='2*n_jobs',
error_score='raise-deprecating',
return_train_score='warn')
RandomizedSearchCV:
sklearn.model_selection.RandomizedSearchCV(estimator,
param_distributions, n_iter=10,
scoring=None, fit_params=None,
n_jobs=None, refit=True,
cv='warn', verbose=0,
pre_dispatch='2*n_jobs',
random_state=None,
error_score='raise-deprecating',
return_train_score='warn')
两个关键区别:
n_iter:随机搜索从网格中抽取的样本数。前一示例中你做了 300 次。
param_distributions 与 param_grid 略有不同,可选设置采样分布。
现在我们可像网格搜索一样构建随机搜索对象,但做一个小改动:
# Set up the sample space learn_rate_list = np.linspace(0.001,2,150) min_samples_leaf_list = list(range(1,51)) # Create the grid parameter_grid = { 'learning_rate' : learn_rate_list, 'min_samples_leaf' : min_samples_leaf_list}# Define how many samples number_models = 10
现在我们可以构建该对象:
# Create a random search object
random_GBM_class = RandomizedSearchCV(
estimator = GradientBoostingClassifier(),
param_distributions = parameter_grid,
n_iter = number_models,
scoring='accuracy',
n_jobs=4,
cv = 10,
refit=True,
return_train_score = True)
# Fit the object to our data
random_GBM_class.fit(X_train, y_train)
输出与之前完全相同!
如何查看被选中的超参数?
在 cv_results_ 字典中的相应 param_ 列!
提取列表:
rand_x = list(random_GBM_class.cv_results_['param_learning_rate'])
rand_y = list(random_GBM_class.cv_results_['param_min_samples_leaf'])
构建可视化:
# Make sure we set the limits of Y and X appriately x_lims = [np.min(learn_rate_list), np.max(learn_rate_list)] y_lims = [np.min(min_samples_leaf_list), np.max(min_samples_leaf_list)]# Plot grid results plt.scatter(rand_y, rand_x, c=['blue']*10) plt.gca().set(xlabel='learn_rate', ylabel='min_samples_leaf', title='Random Search Hyperparameters') plt.show()
与之前相似的图:

Python 中的超参数调优