投影与坐标参考系

在 Python 中可视化地理空间数据

Mary van Valkenburg

Data Science Program Manager, Nashville Software School

投影

球形地球的展平地图

多种地图投影方法

关于地图投影的 xkcd 漫画

坐标参考系

EPSG:4326

Google Earth 使用
单位：十进制度

EPSG:3857

Google Maps、Bing Maps、OpenStreetMap 使用
单位：米

School Name              Latitude     Longitude
A. Z. Kelley Elementary    36.021       -86.658
Alex Green Elementary      36.252       -86.832
Amqui Elementary           36.273       -86.703
Andrew Jackson Elementary  36.231       -86.623

import geopandas as gpd
schools['geometry'] = gpd.points_from_xy(schools.Longitude, schools.Latitude)
schools.head(4)

School Name                Latitude  Longitude                geometry
A. Z. Kelley Elementary      36.021    -86.658  POINT (-86.658 36.021)
Alex Green Elementary        36.252    -86.832  POINT (-86.832 36.252)
Amqui Elementary             36.273    -86.703  POINT (-86.703 36.273)
Andrew Jackson Elementary    36.231    -86.623  POINT (-86.623 36.231)

由 DataFrame 创建 GeoDataFrame

import geopandas as gpd

schools_geo = gpd.GeoDataFrame(schools, 
                               crs = 'epsg:4326', 
                               geometry = schools.geometry)

schools_geo.head(4)

School Name                Latitude  Longitude               geometry
A. Z. Kelley Elementary      36.021    -86.658  POINT (-86.658 36.021)
Alex Green Elementary        36.252    -86.832  POINT (-86.832 36.252)
Amqui Elementary             36.273    -86.703  POINT (-86.703 36.273)
Andrew Jackson Elementary    36.231    -86.623  POINT (-86.623 36.231)

在不同 CRS 间转换

schools_geo.head(2)

School Name              Latitude  Longitude                geometry
A. Z. Kelley Elementary    36.021    -86.658  POINT (-86.658 36.021)
Alex Green Elementary      36.252    -86.832  POINT (-86.832 36.252)

schools_geo.geometry = schools_geo.geometry.to_crs(epsg = 3857)
schools_geo.head(2)

School Name              Latitude  Longitude                      geometry
A. Z. Kelley Elementary    36.021    -86.658  POINT (-9646818.8 4303623.8)
Alex Green Elementary      36.252    -86.832  POINT (-9666119.5 4335484.4)

Passons à la pratique !

在 Python 中可视化地理空间数据