设置：

import numpy as np
from sklearn.ensemble import RandomForestClassifier
from sklearn.inspection import permutation_importance
# Train a random forest classifier (assuming we have some data)
model = RandomForestClassifier().fit(X_train, y_train)

运行置换重要性测试：

# Calculate feature importances using permutation importance
results = permutation_importance(model, X_test, y_test, n_repeats=10, random_state=42)
# Print the feature importances
feature_names = ['feature_1', 'feature_2', 'feature_3', ...]
importances = results.importances_mean
for i in range(len(feature_names)):
    print(f'{feature_names[i]}: {importances[i]}')