填补分类值

在 Python 中处理缺失数据

Suraj Donthi

Deep Learning & Computer Vision Consultant

分类值的复杂性

大多分类值为字符串
不能直接对字符串运算
需将字符串转换/编码为数值再填补

转换方法

独热编码（One-hot encoder）

Color	Color_Red	Color_Green	Color_Blue
Red	1	0	0
Green	0	1	0
Blue	0	0	1
Red	1	0	0
Blue	0	0	1
Blue	0	0	1

序数编码（Ordinal encoder）

Color	Value
Red	0
Green	1
Blue	2
Red	0
Blue	2
Blue	2

填补方法

用最频繁类别填充
用统计模型（如 KNN）填补

用户画像数据

users = pd.read_csv('userprofile.csv')
users.head()

    smoker    drink_level    dress_preference ambience    hijos        activity     budget
0    False    abstemious        informal      family    independent    student      medium
1    False    abstemious        informal      family    independent    student      low
2    False    social drinker    formal        family    independent    student      low
3    False    abstemious        informal      family    independent    professional medium
4    False    abstemious     no preference    family    independent    student      medium

序数编码

from sklearn.preprocessing import OrdinalEncoder


# Create Ordinal Encoder
ambience_ord_enc = OrdinalEncoder()

# Select non-null values in ambience
ambience = users['ambience']
ambience_not_null = ambience[ambience.notnull()]
reshaped_vals = ambience_not_null.values.reshape(-1, 1)

# Encode the non-null values of ambience
encoded_vals = ambience_ord_enc.fit_transform(reshaped_vals)

# Replace the ambience column with ordinal values
users.loc[ambience.notnull(), 'ambience'] = np.squeeze(encoded_vals)

序数编码

# Create dictionary for Ordinal encoders
ordinal_enc_dict = {}

# Loop over columns to encode
for col_name in users:
    # Create ordinal encoder for the column
    ordinal_enc_dict[col_name] = OrdinalEncoder()
    col = users[col_name]

    # Select the non-null values in the column
    col_not_null = col[col.notnull()]
    reshaped_vals = col_not_null.values.reshape(-1, 1)

    # Encode the non-null values of the column
    encoded_vals = ordinal_enc_dict[col_name].fit_transform(reshaped_vals)

    # Replace the values in the column with ordinal values
    users.loc[col.notnull(), col_name] = np.squeeze(encoded_vals)

用 KNN 填补

users_KNN_imputed = users.copy(deep=True)


# Create KNN imputer
KNN_imputer = KNN()


users_KNN_imputed.iloc[:, :] = np.round(KNN_imputer.fit_transform(users))


for col_name in users_KNN_imputed:
    # Reshape the values to 2-dimensions to 
    # avoid errors while storing in the DataFrame
    reshaped = users_KNN_imputed[col_name].values.reshape(-1, 1)
    users_KNN_imputed[col_name] = \
    ordinal_enc_dict[col_name].inverse_transform(reshaped)

小结

填补分类值的步骤

将非缺失的分类列转为序数值
在序数化的 DataFrame 中填补缺失值
将序数值还原为分类值

Passons à la pratique !

在 Python 中处理缺失数据