在 R 中使用 tidymodels 建模
David Svancer
Data Scientist
具有两个水平的结果变量
purchased 变量中的 "yes"负类
在 tidymodels 中,结果变量需为因子
levels() 检查顺序leads_df
# A tibble: 1,328 x 7
purchased total_visits ... us_location
<fct> <dbl> ... <fct>
1 yes 7 ... west
2 no 8 ... west
3 no 5 ... southeast
# ... with 1,325 more rows
levels(leads_df[['purchased']])
[1] "yes" "no"
统计实际与预测取值所有组合的矩阵
正确预测
分类错误
用 yardstick 创建混淆矩阵与其他拟合指标
purchased.pred_class.pred_yes.pred_noleads_results
# A tibble: 332 x 4
purchased .pred_class .pred_yes .pred_no
<fct> <fct> <dbl> <dbl>
1 no no 0.134 0.866
2 yes yes 0.729 0.271
3 no no 0.133 0.867
4 no no 0.0916 0.908
5 yes yes 0.598 0.402
6 no no 0.128 0.872
7 yes no 0.112 0.888
8 no no 0.169 0.831
9 no no 0.158 0.842
10 yes yes 0.520 0.480
# ... with 322 more rows
conf_mat() 函数
truth:真实标签列estimate:预测标签列对 leads_df 的逻辑回归
conf_mat(leads_results,truth = purchased,estimate = .pred_class)
Truth
Prediction yes no
yes 74 34
no 46 178
accuracy() 函数
conf_mat() 相同
$$\frac{TP + TN}{TP + TN + FP + FN}$$
yardstick 函数总是返回 tibble.metric:度量类型.estimate:计算值accuracy(leads_results,
truth = purchased,
estimate = .pred_class)
# A tibble: 1 x 3
.metric .estimator .estimate
<chr> <chr> <dbl>
1 accuracy binary 0.759
很多情况下,准确率并非最佳指标
leads_df 数据
灵敏度(Sensitivity)
在所有正类中被正确分类的比例
sens() 函数
conf_mat() 和 accuracy() 相同.estimate 列返回灵敏度sens(leads_results,
truth = purchased,
estimate = .pred_class)
# A tibble: 1 x 3
.metric .estimator .estimate
<chr> <chr> <dbl>
1 sens binary 0.617
特异度(Specificity):在所有负类中被正确分类的比例
1 - 特异度
spec() 函数
sens() 相同.estimate 列返回特异度spec(leads_results,
truth = purchased,
estimate = .pred_class)
# A tibble: 1 x 3
.metric .estimator .estimate
<chr> <chr> <dbl>
1 spec binary 0.840
自定义度量集
metric_set() 函数yardstick 指标创建自定义度量函数yardstick 指标函数名传入 metric_set()custom_metrics <-
metric_set(accuracy, sens, spec)
custom_metrics(leads_results,
truth = purchased,
estimate = .pred_class)
# A tibble: 3 x 3
.metric .estimator .estimate
<chr> <chr> <dbl>
1 accuracy binary 0.759
2 sens binary 0.617
3 spec binary 0.840
二分类指标
二分类指标种类丰富:
accuracy(), kap(), sens(), spec(), ppv(), npv(), mcc(), j_index(), bal_accuracy(), detection_prevalence(), precision(), recall(), f_meas()将 conf_mat() 的结果传给 summary() 可一次计算
conf_mat(leads_results, truth = purchased,
estimate = .pred_class) %>%
summary()
# A tibble: 13 x 3
.metric .estimator .estimate
<chr> <chr> <dbl>
1 accuracy binary 0.759
2 kap binary 0.466
3 sens binary 0.617
4 spec binary 0.840
5 ppv binary 0.685
6 npv binary 0.795
7 mcc binary 0.468
8 j_index binary 0.456
9 bal_accuracy binary 0.728
10 detection_prevalence binary 0.325
11 precision binary 0.685
12 recall binary 0.617
13 f_meas binary 0.649
在 R 中使用 tidymodels 建模