航班数据的行程规划

SQL Server 中的分层与递归查询

Jasmin Ludolf

Content Developer

机场信息牌

机场示例航班信息牌

航班数据集的结构如何？

Departure	Arrival	FlightNumber	Cost	Time
London	Paris	LH3827	90	2
Vienna	New York	MH2370	379	8
New York	Paris	LH9832	489	9
Vienna	Paris	SU2389	200	3
London	Chicago	OP1230	650	10
New York	Chicago	NL5460	150	2

如何构建航线？

一幅关于全球所有可能航线的图

使用递归获取"所有可能"的航线
航线由"出发"机场和"目的地"机场定义
限制经停次数以保证路线现实

构建航线 - 第 1 步

WITH flightRoute (Departure, Arrival, stops) AS(
  -- Anchor query
  SELECT f.Departure,f.Arrival, 0
      FROM flightPlan f
      WHERE Departure = 'Vienna'
  -- Recursive query
  UNION ALL
      SELECT p.Departure, f.Arrival, p.stops + 1
      FROM flightPlan f, flightRoute p
      WHERE p.Arrival = f.Departure AND 
        p.stops < 5 
)

SELECT Departure, Arrival, stops
    FROM flightRoute

+-----------+---------------+--------+
| Departure | Arrival       | stops  |
|-----------|---------------|--------|
| Vienna    | Paris         | 2      |
| Vienna    | San Francisco | 3      |
| Vienna    | Vienna        | 3      |
| Vienna    | Frankfurt     | 3      |
| ...       | ...           | ...    |
+-----------+---------------+--------+

构建航线 - 第 2 步

WITH flightRoute (Departure, Arrival, stops, route) AS(
  SELECT f.Departure, f.Arrival, 0, 
  CAST(Departure + '->' + Arrival AS VARCHAR(MAX))
      FROM flightPlan f
      WHERE Departure = 'Vienna'

  UNION ALL
  SELECT p.Departure, f.Arrival, p.stops + 1, 
  p.totalCost + f.Cost, 
  CAST(p.route + '->' + f.Arrival AS VARCHAR(MAX))
      FROM flightPlan f, flightRoute p

      WHERE p.Arrival = f.Departure AND p.stops < 5
)

在锚成员中引入 route
在递归成员中跟踪 route
限制经停次数

构建航线 - 结果

SELECT Departure, Arrival, Route
    FROM flightRoute

+-----------+--------------+-------------------------------------------+
| Departure | Arrival      | route                                     |
|-----------|--------------|-------------------------------------------+
| London    | New York     | London -> Vienna -> Chicago -> New York   |
| Vienna    | Chicago      | Vienna -> London -> Chicago               |        
| Paris     | Los Angeles  | Paris -> Toronto -> Los Angeles           |
| Chicago   | New York     | Chicago -> New York                       |
| Rome      | New York     | Rome -> London -> Chicago -> New York     |    
| ...       | ...          | ...                                       |
+-----------+--------------+-------------------------------------------+

带限制条件查询可能航线

WITH flightRoute (Departure, Arrival, stops, totalCost, route) AS(
  SELECT f.Departure, f.Arrival, 0, Cost,
    CAST(Departure + '->' + Arrival AS NVARCHAR(MAX))
      FROM flightPlan f
      WHERE Departure = 'New York'
  UNION ALL
  SELECT  p.Departure, f.Arrival, p.stops+1, 
  p.totalCost + f.Cost, p.route + '->' + f.Arrival
      FROM flightPlan f, flightRoute p
      WHERE p.Arrival = f.Departure AND p.stops < '...' 
)

SELECT '...'    
    FROM flightRoute
    WHERE '...' ;

查找所有可能的目的地机场，满足：

固定始发机场
- New York
将 stops 限制为 n
输出受条件限制
- 成本上限
- 到某目的地的最低成本路线

让我们寻找可能的航线！

SQL Server 中的分层与递归查询