聚合与分组操作

在 Java 中查询 PostgreSQL 数据库

Miller Trujillo

Staff Software Engineer

聚合：COUNT、SUM、AVG

将多行汇总为单个结果
COUNT：行数
SUM：数值总和
AVG：数值平均值

SELECT COUNT(*) AS total_books,
       AVG(publication_year) AS avg_year
FROM books;

|total_books   |avg_year |
|--------------|---------|
|14            |1999.14  |

用于汇总的 GROUP BY

先按组划分行，再执行聚合

SELECT publication_year, COUNT(*) AS books_written
FROM books
GROUP BY publication_year;

| publication_year | books_written |
| ---------------- | ------------- |
| 2017             | 1             |
| 2003             | 1             |
| 1997             | 1             |
| 2018             | 3             |
| 2014             | 1             |
| 1960             | 1             |

多列 GROUP BY

按多列分组以获得更细分的结果

SELECT publication_year, c.name, COUNT(*) AS books_written
FROM books b
LEFT JOIN categories c on c.category_id = b.category_id 
GROUP BY publication_year, c.name;

| publication_year | name             | books_written |
| ---------------- | ---------------- | ------------- |
| 1951             | Fiction          | 1             |
| 1960             | Fiction          | 1             |
| 2018             | Computer Science | 3             |
| 1965             | Science Fiction  | 1             |
| 2010             | Fantasy          | 1             |
| 2003             | Computer Science | 1             |

用 HAVING 筛选分组

WHERE 在分组前筛选行
HAVING 在聚合后筛选组

SELECT publication_year, COUNT(*) AS books_written
FROM books b
GROUP BY publication_year
HAVING COUNT(*) > 2;

| publication_year | books_written |
| ---------------- | ------------- |
| 2018             | 3             |

Java 中的聚合与分组

String query = """SELECT publication_year, COUNT(*) AS books_written FROM books b
    GROUP BY publication_year
    HAVING COUNT(*) > ?;""";
try (PreparedStatement pstmt = conn.prepareStatement(query)) {
    pstmt.setInt(1, 2); // filter years with more than 2 books

    try (ResultSet rs = pstmt.executeQuery()) {
        while (rs.next()) {
            int year = rs.getInt("publication_year");
            int count = rs.getInt("books_written");
}   }   }

| publication_year | books_written |
| ---------------- | ------------- |
| 2018             | 3             |

¡Vamos a practicar!

在 Java 中查询 PostgreSQL 数据库