向空间对象添加数据

在 R 中可视化地理空间数据

Charlotte Wickham

Assistant Professor at Oregon State University

来自 ACS 的收入数据

str(nyc_income)

'data.frame':    288 obs. of  6 variables:
 $ name    : chr  "Census Tract 1, New York County, New York" 
 "Census Tract 2.01, New York County, New York" 
 "Census Tract 2.02, New York County, New York" 
 "Census Tract 5, New York County, New York" ...
 $ state   : int  36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 ...
 $ county  : int  61 61 61 61 61 61 61 61 61 61 ...
 $ tract   : chr  "000100" "000201" "000202" "000500" ...
 $ estimate: num  NA 23036 29418 NA 18944 ...
 $ se      : num  NA 3083 1877 NA 1442 ...

普查小区多边形数据

str(nyc_tracts, max.level = 2)

Formal class 'SpatialPolygonsDataFrame' [package "sp"] with 5 slots
  ..@ data       :'data.frame':    288 obs. of  9 variables:
  ..@ polygons   :List of 288
  .. .. [list output truncated]
  ..@ plotOrder  : int [1:288] 175 225 97 209 249 232 208 247 244 207 ...
  ..@ bbox       : num [1:2, 1:2] -74 40.7 -73.9 40.9
  .. ..- attr(*, "dimnames")=List of 2
  ..@ proj4string:Formal class 'CRS' [package "sp"] with 1 slot

普查小区多边形数据

str(nyc_tracts@data)

'data.frame':    288 obs. of  9 variables:
 $ STATEFP : chr  "36" "36" "36" "36" ...
 $ COUNTYFP: chr  "061" "061" "061" "061" ...
 $ TRACTCE : chr  "001401" "002201" "003200" "004000" ...
 $ AFFGEOID: chr  "1400000US36061001401" "1400000US36061002201" 
 "1400000US36061003200" "1400000US36061004000" ...
 $ GEOID   : chr  "36061001401" "36061002201" "36061003200" "36061004000" ...
 $ NAME    : chr  "14.01" "22.01" "32" "40" ...
 $ LSAD    : chr  "CT" "CT" "CT" "CT" ...
 $ ALAND   : num  93510 161667 217682 178340 124447 ...
 $ AWATER  : num  0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ...

目标：将估计的家庭收入中位数添加到此数据框

多边形与数据的对应关系

four_tracts

class       : SpatialPolygons 
features    : 4 
extent      : -73.99022, (xmin)
              -73.97875, (xmax)
              40.71413,  (ymin)
              40.73329   (ymax)
coord. ref. : +proj=longlat +datum=NAD83
              +no_defs +ellps=GRS80 
              +towgs84=0,0,0

sapply(four_tracts@polygons,
       function(x) x@ID)

"156" "157" "158" "159"

four_data

    TRACTCE
159  004000
158  003200
157  002201
156  001401

多边形与数据的对应关系

SpatialPolygonsDataFrame(Sr, data, match.ID = TRUE)

SpatialPolygonsDataFrame(four_tracts, four_data)

class       : SpatialPolygonsDataFrame 
features    : 4 
extent      : -73.99022, -73.97875, 40.71413, 40.73329  (xmin, xmax, ymin, ymax)
coord. ref. : +proj=longlat +datum=NAD83 +no_defs +ellps=GRS80 +towgs84=0,0,0 
variables   : 1
names       : TRACTCE 
min values  :  001401 
max values  :  004000

多边形与数据的对应关系

SpatialPolygonsDataFrame(Sr, data, match.ID = TRUE)

SpatialPolygonsDataFrame(four_tracts, four_data)@data

    TRACTCE
156  001401
157  002201
158  003200
159  004000

多边形与数据的对应关系

SpatialPolygonsDataFrame(four_tracts, four_data, match.ID = FALSE)@data

    TRACTCE
159  004000
158  003200
157  002201
156  001401

对应关系已丢失！

添加新数据

创建后，不会检查数据是否仍与多边形匹配
重新创建对象，务必将多边形与正确行对齐
sp::merge()，merge() 适用于 sp 对象

Passons à la pratique !

在 R 中可视化地理空间数据