特征选择 vs. 特征提取

R 中的降维

Matt Pickard

Owner, Pickard Predictives, LLC

降维方法

特征选择 就像除草
特征提取 就像做沙拉

¹ 图片来源：Daderot，CC0，来自维基共享资源

特征选择

六个颜色编码的特征集

特征选择

六个特征集，低信息特征被过滤

特征选择

筛选后的四个特征集

信用数据示例

credit_df %>% head(n=5)

  annual_income num_bank_accounts num_credit_card outstanding_debt credit_history_months
          <dbl>             <dbl>           <dbl>            <dbl>                 <dbl>
1        87630.                 2               5             526.                   286
2        16574.                 2               5              NA                    122
3        24931.                 2               5              NA                    351
4       136680.                 2               5              NA                    216
5        76850.                 2               5            1112.                   272

创建零方差过滤器

na_filter <- credit_df %>% 
  summarize(across(everything(), ~ var(., na.rm = TRUE))) %>%

  pivot_longer(everything(), names_to = "feature", values_to = "variance") %>%

  filter(variance == 0) %>%

  pull(feature)

na_filter

"num_bank_accounts" "num_credit_card"

创建缺失值过滤器

na_filter <- credit_df %>%  
  summarize(across(everything(), ~ sum(is.na(.)))) %>%

  pivot_longer(everything(), names_to = "feature", values_to = "num_missing_values") %>%

  filter(num_missing_values > 0) %>%

  pull(feature)

na_filter

"outstanding_debt"

应用组合过滤器

combined_filter <- 
  c(low_var_filter, na_filter)

credit_df %>% 
  select(-all_of(combined_filter)) %>% 
  head(3)

  annual_income credit_history_months
          <dbl>                 <dbl>
1        87630.                   286
2        16574.                   122
3        24931.                   351