人口普查地理

使用 Python 分析美国人口普查数据

Lee Hachadoorian

Asst. Professor of Instruction, Temple University

请求所有地理单元

import requests

HOST = "https://api.census.gov/data"
year = "2010"
dataset = "dec/sf1"
base_url = "/".join([HOST, year, dataset])

predicates = {}
predicates["get"] = "NAME,P001001"

predicates["for"] = "state:*"

r = requests.get(base_url, params=predicates)

请求特定地理单元

import requests

HOST = "https://api.census.gov/data"
year = "2010"
dataset = "dec/sf1"
base_url = "/".join([HOST, year, dataset])

predicates = {}
predicates["get"] = "NAME,P001001"

predicates["for"] = "state:42"

r = requests.get(base_url, params=predicates)

密苏里人口普查数据中心网页截图，显示各州及其地理代码

¹ https://census.missouri.edu/geocodes/

地理实体

法律/行政类

State
County
Congressional Districts
School Districts
等等

统计类

Block
(Census) Tract
大都市/小都市统计区
邮编统计区（ZCTA）
等等

¹ https://www.census.gov/geo/education/legstat_geo.html

一个层级图，显示人口普查地理之间的包含关系。

"in" 谓词

请求特定州中的所有县：

predicates["for"] = "county:*"
predicates["in"] = "state:33,50"

在单个州中请求特定县：

predicates["for"] = "county:001,003"
predicates["in"] = "state:33"

r = requests.get(base_url, params=predicates)

地方（Places）

"为向一群体提供政府职能而设立的称为设市地（incorporated place）。设市地通常是市、镇、村或自治区划分，但也可有其他法律描述。"
"普查指定地（CDP）是设市地的统计对应物，划定用于提供具名但未依法设市的人口聚居地的数据。"

来源：https://www.census.gov/geo/reference/gtc/gtc_place.html

地理级别	地理层级
40	state
50	state› county
60	state› county› county subdivision
101	state› county› tract› block
140	state› county› tract
150	state› county› tract› block group
160	state› place

https://api.census.gov/data/2010/dec/sf1/geography.html

部分地理单元（Part）

state› congressional district› county (or part)

predicates = {}
predicates["get"] = "NAME,P001001"

predicates["for"] = "county (or part):*"

predicates["in"] = "state:42;congressional district:02"

r = requests.get(base_url, params=predicates)
print(r.text)

[["NAME","P001001","state","congressional district","county"],
["Montgomery County (part)","36793","42","02","091"],
["Philadelphia County (part)","593484","42","02","101"]]

Ayo berlatih!

使用 Python 分析美国人口普查数据