房租是否过高？

使用 Python 分析美国人口普查数据

Lee Hachadoorian

Asst. Professor of Instruction, Temple University

术语定义

计算租金的不同方式：

合同租金：按租约支付的租金
总租金：租金加水电费；部分租约已含水电，部分需租客另付

租金负担：

租金负担：租金≥家庭收入的30%
严重租金负担：租金≥家庭收入的50%

B25074表：过去12个月家庭收入与总租金占比

Total
    Less than $10,000
        Less than 20.0 percent
        20.0 to 24.9 percent
        25.0 to 29.9 percent
        30.0 to 34.9 percent
        35.0 to 39.9 percent
        40.0 to 49.9 percent
        50.0 percent or more
        Not computed
    $10,000 to $19,999
    $20,000 to $34,999
    $35,000 to $49,999
    $50,000 to $74,999
    $75,000 to $99,999
    $100,000 or more

美国租金占收入比例，ACS 2012-2016

total                                     42835169
inc_under_10k                              5558843
inc_under_10k_rent_under_20_pct              57052
inc_under_10k_rent_20_to_25_pct              58042
inc_under_10k_rent_25_to_30_pct             208806
inc_under_10k_rent_30_to_35_pct             177709
inc_under_10k_rent_35_to_40_pct             102565
inc_under_10k_rent_40_to_50_pct             150153
inc_under_10k_rent_over_50_pct             3381537
inc_under_10k_rent_not_computed            1422979
inc_10k_to_20k                             7027373
inc_10k_to_20k_rent_under_20_pct            213000
etc...

计算租金负担

print(rent.columns[10:19])

Index(['inc_10k_to_20k', 'inc_10k_to_20k_rent_under_20_pct',
   'inc_10k_to_20k_rent_20_to_25_pct', 'inc_10k_to_20k_rent_25_to_30_pct',
   'inc_10k_to_20k_rent_30_to_35_pct', 'inc_10k_to_20k_rent_35_to_40_pct',
   'inc_10k_to_20k_rent_40_to_50_pct', 'inc_10k_to_20k_rent_over_50_pct',
   'inc_10k_to_20k_rent_not_computed'],
  dtype='object')

计算租金负担

rent["inc_10k_to_20k_rent_burden"] = 100 * (

    rent["inc_10k_to_20k_rent_30_to_35_pct"] + 
    rent["inc_10k_to_20k_rent_35_to_40_pct"] + 
    rent["inc_10k_to_20k_rent_40_to_50_pct"] + 
    rent["inc_10k_to_20k_rent_over_50_pct"]

    ) / (
    rent["inc_10k_to_20k"] - 
    rent["inc_10k_to_20k_rent_not_computed"]
    )

计算租金负担

print(rent["inc_10k_to_20k_rent_burden"])

0    87.008024
Name: inc_10k_to_20k_rent_burden, dtype: float64

用循环计算租金负担

# Create list with income category part of column names
incomes = ["inc_under_10k", "inc_10k_to_20k", "inc_20k_to_35k", 
           "inc_35k_to_50k", "inc_50k_to_75k", "inc_75k_to_100k", 
           "inc_over_100k"]

用循环计算租金负担

# Create new DataFrame with just the geography name
rent_burden = rent["name"]

# Loop over the list of income categories
for income in incomes:

    # Construct column names
    rent_burden[income] =

        100 * (rent[income + "_rent_30_to_35_pct"] + 
        rent[income + "_rent_35_to_40_pct"] + 
        rent[income + "_rent_40_to_50_pct"] + 
        rent[income + "_rent_over_50_pct"]) / (
        rent[income] - rent[income + "_rent_not_computed"])

美国：按收入组的租金负担

print(rent_burden.squeeze())

name               United States
inc_under_10k            92.1685
inc_10k_to_20k            87.008
inc_20k_to_35k           74.7448
inc_35k_to_50k           43.0434
inc_50k_to_75k           21.0937
inc_75k_to_100k          9.11853
inc_over_100k            3.14882
Name: 0, dtype: object

一个条形图，显示7个收入组的租金负担家庭占比。收入越高，占比从92%降至3%。

Passons à la pratique !

使用 Python 分析美国人口普查数据