用 R 评估人寿保险产品
Roel Verbelen, Ph.D.
Statistician, Finity Consulting
两个问题:
计息期变更时(如年到月)如何处理利率?
如何从常数利率转为随时间变化的利率?
年利率 $i$。
如何得到适用于 $1/m$ 年的利率 $i^{\star}_m$?

$\qquad$ 则:
$$ 1+i = (1+i^{\star}_m)^m \quad \Leftrightarrow \quad i^{\star}_m = (1+i)^{1/m}-1. $$

# Yearly interest rate i <- 0.03# Calculate the monthly interest rate (monthly_interest <- (1 + i) ^ (1 / 12) - 1)
0.00246627
# From monthly to yearly interest rate
(1 + monthly_interest) ^ 12 - 1
0.03
观察:
利率不一定恒定;
存在期限结构或收益率曲线。
将其纳入记号与框架!






# Define the vector containing the interest rates
interest <- c(0.04, 0.03, 0.02, 0.01)
# Define the vector containing the inverse of 1 plus the interest rate
yearly_discount_factors <- (1 + interest) ^ - 1
# Define the discount factors to time 0 using cumprod()
discount_factors <- c(1 , cumprod(yearly_discount_factors))
discount_factors
1.0000000 0.9615385 0.9335325 0.9152279 0.9061663
用 R 评估人寿保险产品