在 R 中使用 data.table 进行数据表连接
Scott Ritchie
Postdoctoral Researcher in Systems Genomics
data.table 表达式可按序链式书写:
demographics[...][...]
连接的通用链式形式:
DT1[DT2, on][i, j, by]
| | | | |
| | | | --> 按什么分组?
| | | -----> 做什么操作?
| | --------> 选哪些行?
| ------------> 连接键列
-----------------> 连接到哪个 data.table?
customers <- data.table(name = c("Mark", "Matt", "Angela", "Michelle"),
gender = c("M", "M", "F", "F"),
age = c(54, 43, 39, 63))
customers
name gender age
1: Mark M 54
2: Matt M 43
3: Angela F 39
4: Michelle F 63
purchases <- data.table(name = c("Mark", "Matt", "Angela", "Michelle"),
sales = c(1, 5, 4, 3),
spent = c(41.70, 41.78, 50.77, 60.01))
purchases
name sales spent
1: Mark 1 41.70
2: Matt 5 41.78
3: Angela 4 50.77
4: Michelle 3 60.01
customers[purchases,
on = .(name)][sales > 1,
j = .(avg_spent = sum(spent) / sum(sales)),
by = .(gender)]
gender avg_spent
1: M 13.91333
2: F 20.00333
带连接的计算:
DT1[DT2, on, j]
| | |
| | ----> 在连接结果上做什么?
| --------> 使用哪些列作为键?
-------------> 连接到哪个 data.table?
对大型 data.table 很高效!
在主 data.table 中创建列:
customers[purchases, on = .(name), return_customer := sales > 1]
customers
name gender age return_customer
1: Mark M 54 FALSE
2: Matt M 43 TRUE
3: Angela F 39 TRUE
4: Michelle F 63 TRUE
by = .EACHI 按 DT2 的每一行对 j 分组
DT1[DT2, on, j, by = .EACHI]
| | | |
| | | --> 按 DT1 中的每个匹配分组。
| | -----> 在连接结果上做什么?
| ---------> 使用哪些列作为键?
--------------> 连接到哪个 data.table?
shipping[customers, on = .(name),
j = .("# of shipping addresses" = .N),
by = .EACHI]

在 by 中按列分组会将计算限制在主 data.table:
DT1[DT2, on, j, by]
| | | |
| | | --> 在 DT1 中按哪些列分组?
| | -----> 对 DT1 的哪些列进行计算?
| ---------> 使用哪些列作为键?
--------------> 连接到哪个 data.table?
在 customers 中连接并按组计算:
customers[shipping, on = .(name),
.(avg_age = mean(age)), by = .(gender)]
gender avg_age
1: M 46.66667
2: F 39.00000
在 R 中使用 data.table 进行数据表连接