Abstract Base Classes

Intermediate Object-Oriented Programming in Python

Jake Roach

Data Engineer

Abstract base classes

Abstract base classes क्लासों के लिए एक ब्लूप्रिंट बनाती हैं, जहाँ ऐसी abstract methods तय की जाती हैं जिन्हें सभी चाइल्ड क्लासेस में लागू करना जरूरी है.

क्लासों के समूह में कॉमन व्यवहार सुनिश्चित करता है
@abstractmethod डेकॉरेटर
इन्हें inherit किया जाता है, instantiate नहीं
Abstract base class की सभी methods का abstract होना जरूरी नहीं (concrete methods हो सकती हैं)

class School:
    # Do things such as enroll 
    # and add a course

class MiddleSchool:
    # Play an instrument, join a club
    # but must enroll and add courses

class HighSchool:
    # Play a varsity sport, apply
    # for college, but must enroll 
    # and add courses

एक abstract base class बनाना

from abc import ABC, abstractmethod


# Create an abstract base class that inherits
# from ABC
class School(ABC):
    @abstractmethod
    def enroll(self):
        # This method must be implemented
        # in classes that inherit from it
        pass


    # Concrete methods are inherited
    def graduate(self):
        print("Congrats on graduating!")

abc मॉड्यूल की ABC क्लास से inherit करें
pass
जो भी क्लास School से inherit करे, उसे enroll() implement करनी होगी
Concrete methods भी रख सकते हैं

Abstract base classes को implement करना

class HighSchool(School):
    def enroll(self):
        print("Welcome to high school!")

# Create an instance of HighSchool
high_school = HighSchool()
high_school.enroll()

Welcome to high school!

high_school.graduate()

Congrats on graduating!

HighSchool को enroll() method ज़रूर परिभाषित करनी होगी
यदि enroll() परिभाषित नहीं है तो TypeError
HighSchool, graduate() method inherit करता है

एक से अधिक abstract methods

class School(ABC):
    @abstractmethod
    def enroll(self):
        pass

    @abstractmethod
    def add_course(self, course_name):
        pass

    def graduate(self):
        print("Congrats on graduating!")

दो abstract methods: enroll() और add_course()

class HighSchool(School):
    def __init__(self):
        self.courses = []

    # Implementing abstract method
    def enroll(self):
        print("Welcome to high school!")

    # Implementing abstract method
    def add_course(self, course_name):
        self.courses.append(course_name)
        print(f"You enrolled in {course_name}")

अभ्यास करते हैं!

Intermediate Object-Oriented Programming in Python