視窗函式

SQL 資料操作

Mona Khalil

Data Scientist, Greenhouse Software

處理聚合值

需要將所有非聚合欄位與 GROUP BY 一起使用

SELECT
  country_id,
  season,
  date,
  AVG(home_goal) AS avg_home
FROM match
GROUP BY country_id;

ERROR: column "match.season" must appear in the GROUP BY 
clause or be used in an aggregate function

視窗函式入門！

在已產生的結果集（視窗）上計算
聚合計算
- 類似 SELECT 中的子查詢
- 累計、排名、移動平均

什麼是視窗函式？

2011/2012 每場各進幾球？與平均相比如何？

SELECT
  date,
  (home_goal + away_goal) AS goals,
  (SELECT AVG(home_goal + away_goal) 
     FROM match
     WHERE season = '2011/2012') AS overall_avg
FROM match
WHERE season = '2011/2012';

| date       | goals | overall_avg       |
|------------|-------|-------------------|
| 2011-07-29 | 3     | 2.71646           |
| 2011-07-30 | 2     | 2.71646           |
| 2011-07-30 | 4     | 2.71646           |
| 2011-07-30 | 1     | 2.71646           |

什麼是視窗函式？

2011/2012 每場各進幾球？與平均相比如何？

SELECT
    date,
    (home_goal + away_goal) AS goals,
    AVG(home_goal + away_goal) OVER() AS overall_avg
FROM match
WHERE season = '2011/2012';

| date       | goals | overall_avg       |
|------------|-------|-------------------|
| 2011-07-29 | 3     | 2.71646           |
| 2011-07-30 | 2     | 2.71646           |
| 2011-07-30 | 4     | 2.71646           |
| 2011-07-30 | 1     | 2.71646           |

產生 RANK

依進球數，賽事的排名是什麼？

SELECT
    date,
    (home_goal + away_goal) AS goals
FROM match
WHERE season = '2011/2012';

| date       | goals |
|------------|-------|
| 2011-07-29 | 3     |
| 2011-07-30 | 2     |
| 2011-07-30 | 4     |
| 2011-07-30 | 1     |

產生 RANK

依進球數，賽事的排名是什麼？

SELECT
    date,
    (home_goal + away_goal) AS goals,
    RANK() OVER(ORDER BY home_goal + away_goal) AS goals_rank
FROM match
WHERE season = '2011/2012';

| date       | goals | goals_rank |
|------------|-------|------------|
| 2012-04-28 | 0     | 1          |
| 2011-12-26 | 0     | 1          |
| 2011-09-10 | 0     | 1          |
| 2011-08-27 | 0     | 1          |
| 2012-01-07 | 0     | 1          |

產生 RANK

依進球數，賽事的排名是什麼？

SELECT
    date,
    (home_goal + away_goal) AS goals,
    RANK() OVER(ORDER BY home_goal + away_goal DESC) AS goals_rank
FROM match
WHERE season = '2011/2012';

| date       | goals | goals_rank |
|------------|-------|------------|
| 2011-11-06 | 10    | 1          |
| 2011-08-28 | 10    | 1          |
| 2012-05-12 | 9     | 3          |
| 2012-02-12 | 9     | 3          |
| 2012-03-09 | 9     | 3          |

關鍵差異

在查詢的所有部分之後處理，僅 ORDER BY 例外
- 使用結果集中的資訊，而非資料庫
支援於 PostgreSQL、Oracle、MySQL、SQL Server……
- ……但不支援 SQLite

一起來練習吧！

SQL 資料操作