視窗框架

PostgreSQL 統計摘要與視窗函式

Michel Semaan

Data Scientist

動機

LAST_VALUE

LAST_VALUE(City) OVER (
 ORDER BY Year ASC
 RANGE BETWEEN
   UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND
   UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING
) AS Last_City

框架：RANGE BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING
若無框架，LAST_VALUE 會回傳該列在 City 欄的值
預設框架從資料表或分割開頭到目前列

ROWS BETWEEN

ROWS BETWEEN [START] AND [FINISH]
- n PRECEDING：目前列之前的 n 列
- CURRENT ROW：目前列
- n FOLLOWING：目前列之後的 n 列

範例

ROWS BETWEEN 3 PRECEDING AND CURRENT ROW
ROWS BETWEEN 1 PRECEDING AND 1 FOLLOWING
ROWS BETWEEN 5 PRECEDING AND 1 PRECEDING

來源資料表

查詢

SELECT
  Year, COUNT(*) AS Medals
FROM Summer_Medals
WHERE
  Country = 'RUS'
  AND Medal = 'Gold'
GROUP BY Year
ORDER BY Year ASC;

結果

| Year | Medals |
|------|--------|
| 1996 | 36     |
| 2000 | 66     |
| 2004 | 47     |
| 2008 | 43     |
| 2012 | 47     |

未設框架的 MAX

查詢

WITH Russia_Medals AS (...)

SELECT
  Year, Medals,
  MAX(Medals)
    OVER (ORDER BY Year ASC) AS Max_Medals
FROM Russia_Medals
ORDER BY Year ASC;

結果

| Year | Medals | Max_Medals |
|------|--------|------------|
| 1996 | 36     | 36         |
| 2000 | 66     | 66         |
| 2004 | 47     | 66         |
| 2008 | 43     | 66         |
| 2012 | 47     | 66         |

設有框架的 MAX

查詢

WITH Russia_Medals AS (...)

SELECT
  Year, Medals,
  MAX(Medals)
    OVER (ORDER BY Year ASC) AS Max_Medals,
  MAX(Medals)
    OVER (ORDER BY Year ASC
          ROWS BETWEEN
          1 PRECEDING AND CURRENT ROW)
    AS Max_Medals_Last
FROM Russia_Medals
ORDER BY Year ASC;

結果

| Year | Medals | Max_Medals | Max_Medals_Last |
|------|--------|------------|-----------------|
| 1996 | 36     | 36         | 36              |
| 2000 | 66     | 66         | 66              |
| 2004 | 47     | 66         | 66              |
| 2008 | 43     | 66         | 47              |
| 2012 | 47     | 66         | 47              |

目前列與後續列

查詢

WITH Russia_Medals AS (...)

SELECT
  Year, Medals,
  MAX(Medals)
    OVER (ORDER BY Year ASC
          ROWS BETWEEN
          CURRENT ROW AND 1 FOLLOWING)
    AS Max_Medals_Next
FROM Russia_Medals
ORDER BY Year ASC;

結果

| Year | Medals | Max_Medals_Next |
|------|--------|-----------------|
| 1996 | 36     | 66              |
| 2000 | 66     | 66              |
| 2004 | 47     | 47              |
| 2008 | 43     | 47              |
| 2012 | 47     | 47              |

一起來練習吧！

PostgreSQL 統計摘要與視窗函式