清理文字資料
用 Python 進行資料清理
Adel Nehme
VP of AI Curriculum, DataCamp
什麼是文字資料？
| 資料型態 | 範例值 |
|---|---|
| 姓名 | Alex、Sara… |
| 電話號碼 | +96171679912… |
| 電子郵件 | `[email protected]`… |
| 密碼 | … |
常見文字資料問題
1) 資料不一致：
+96171679912、0096171679912，還是其他？
2) 固定長度違規：
密碼至少要有 8 個字元
3) 打字錯誤：
+961.71.679912
範例
phones = pd.read_csv('phones.csv')
print(phones)
Full name Phone number
0 Noelani A. Gray 001-702-397-5143
1 Myles Z. Gomez 001-329-485-0540
2 Gil B. Silva 001-195-492-2338
3 Prescott D. Hardin +1-297-996-4904
4 Benedict G. Valdez 001-969-820-3536
5 Reece M. Andrews 4138
6 Hayfa E. Keith 001-536-175-8444
7 Hedley I. Logan 001-681-552-1823
8 Jack W. Carrillo 001-910-323-5265
9 Lionel M. Davis 001-143-119-9210
範例
phones = pd.read_csv('phones.csv')
print(phones)
Full name Phone number
0 Noelani A. Gray 001-702-397-5143
1 Myles Z. Gomez 001-329-485-0540
2 Gil B. Silva 001-195-492-2338
3 Prescott D. Hardin +1-297-996-4904 <-- 資料格式不一致
4 Benedict G. Valdez 001-969-820-3536
5 Reece M. Andrews 4138 <-- 長度違規
6 Hayfa E. Keith 001-536-175-8444
7 Hedley I. Logan 001-681-552-1823
8 Jack W. Carrillo 001-910-323-5265
9 Lionel M. Davis 001-143-119-9210
範例
phones = pd.read_csv('phones.csv')
print(phones)
Full name Phone number
0 Noelani A. Gray 0017023975143
1 Myles Z. Gomez 0013294850540
2 Gil B. Silva 0011954922338
3 Prescott D. Hardin 0012979964904
4 Benedict G. Valdez 0019698203536
5 Reece M. Andrews NaN
6 Hayfa E. Keith 0015361758444
7 Hedley I. Logan 0016815521823
8 Jack W. Carrillo 0019103235265
9 Lionel M. Davis 0011431199210
修正電話號碼欄
# Replace "+" with "00"
phones["Phone number"] = phones["Phone number"].str.replace("+", "00")
phones
Full name Phone number
0 Noelani A. Gray 001-702-397-5143
1 Myles Z. Gomez 001-329-485-0540
2 Gil B. Silva 001-195-492-2338
3 Prescott D. Hardin 001-297-996-4904
4 Benedict G. Valdez 001-969-820-3536
5 Reece M. Andrews 4138
6 Hayfa E. Keith 001-536-175-8444
7 Hedley I. Logan 001-681-552-1823
8 Jack W. Carrillo 001-910-323-5265
9 Lionel M. Davis 001-143-119-9210
修正電話號碼欄
# Replace "-" with nothing
phones["Phone number"] = phones["Phone number"].str.replace("-", "")
phones
Full name Phone number
0 Noelani A. Gray 0017023975143
1 Myles Z. Gomez 0013294850540
2 Gil B. Silva 0011954922338
3 Prescott D. Hardin 0012979964904
4 Benedict G. Valdez 0019698203536
5 Reece M. Andrews 4138
6 Hayfa E. Keith 0015361758444
7 Hedley I. Logan 0016815521823
8 Jack W. Carrillo 0019103235265
9 Lionel M. Davis 0011431199210
修正電話號碼欄
# Replace phone numbers with lower than 10 digits to NaN
digits = phones['Phone number'].str.len()
phones.loc[digits < 10, "Phone number"] = np.nan
phones
Full name Phone number
0 Noelani A. Gray 0017023975143
1 Myles Z. Gomez 0013294850540
2 Gil B. Silva 0011954922338
3 Prescott D. Hardin 0012979964904
4 Benedict G. Valdez 0019698203536
5 Reece M. Andrews NaN
6 Hayfa E. Keith 0015361758444
7 Hedley I. Logan 0016815521823
8 Jack W. Carrillo 0019103235265
9 Lionel M. Davis 0011431199210
修正電話號碼欄
# Find length of each row in Phone number column
sanity_check = phone['Phone number'].str.len()
# Assert minmum phone number length is 10
assert sanity_check.min() >= 10
# Assert all numbers do not have "+" or "-"
assert phone['Phone number'].str.contains("+|-").any() == False
記住， assert 在條件通過時不會回傳任何東西
較複雜的情況怎麼辦？
phones.head()
Full name Phone number
0 Olga Robinson +(01706)-25891
1 Justina Kim +0500-571437
2 Tamekah Henson +0800-1111
3 Miranda Solis +07058-879063
4 Caldwell Gilliam +(016977)-8424
強化版 Ctrl + F
正則表達式實作
# Replace letters with nothing
phones['Phone number'] = phones['Phone number'].str.replace(r'\D+', '')
phones.head()
Full name Phone number
0 Olga Robinson 0170625891
1 Justina Kim 0500571437
2 Tamekah Henson 08001111
3 Miranda Solis 07058879063
4 Caldwell Gilliam 0169778424
一起來練習吧！
用 Python 進行資料清理
