管理本機 Docker 映像檔

Docker 入門

Tim Sangster

Software Engineer @ DataCamp

Docker Hub 是全球最大的容器映像檔資料庫與社群。你可以瀏覽超過 100,000 個來自軟體供應商、開源專案與社群的映像檔。熱門範例包含：Nginx、MongoDB、Alpine Linux、Node.js、Redis、BusyBox 等。

Docker 入門

擷取映像檔（pull）

docker pull <image-name>

docker pull postgres
docker pull ubuntu

repl@host:/# docker pull hello-world
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/hello-world
7050e35b49f5: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:e18f0a777aefabe047a671ab3ec3eed05414477c951ab1a6f352a06974245fe7
Status: Downloaded newer image for hello-world:latest
docker.io/library/hello-world:latest
Docker 入門

映像檔版本

Docker 映像檔有多個版本或標籤，圖中示範 ubuntu 的 6 個版本。例如 18.04 也有標籤 bionic。

docker pull <image-name>:<image-version>

docker pull ubuntu:22.04
docker pull ubuntu:jammy
Docker 入門

列出映像檔

docker images

repl@host:/# docker images
REPOSITORY    TAG               IMAGE ID       CREATED         SIZE
hello-world   latest            46331d942d63   7 months ago    9.14kB
ubuntu        bionic-20210723   7c0c6ae0b575   15 months ago   56.6MB
postgres      12.7              f076c2fa35f5   15 months ago   300MB
postgres      10.3              cbb7481ff9d5   4 years ago     232MB
...
Docker 入門

移除映像檔

docker image rm <image-name>

repl@host:/# docker image rm hello-world
Untagged: hello-world:latest
Untagged: hello-world@sha256:e18f0a777aefabe047a671ab3ec3eed05414477c951ab1a6f35..
Deleted: sha256:46331d942d6350436f64e614d75725f6de3bb5c63e266e236e04389820a234c4
Deleted: sha256:efb53921da3394806160641b72a2cbd34ca1a9a8345ac670a85a04ad3d0e3507

repl@host:/# docker image rm hello-world  
Error response from daemon: conflict: unable to remove repository reference 
"hello-world" (must force) - container 96a7b7b0c535 is using its 
referenced image 46331d942d63
Docker 入門

清理容器

docker container prune

repl@host:/# docker container prune
WARNING! This will remove all stopped containers.
Are you sure you want to continue? [y/N] y
Deleted Containers:
4a7f7eebae0f63178aff7eb0aa39cd3f0627a203ab2df258c1a00b456cf20063
f98f9c2aa1eaf727e4ec9c0283bc7d4aa4762fbdba7f26191f26c97f64090360

Total reclaimed space: 212 B
Docker 入門

清理映像檔

docker image prune -a

repl@host:/# docker image prune -a
WARNING! This will remove all images without at least one container associated t..
Are you sure you want to continue? [y/N] y
Deleted Images:
untagged: alpine:latest
untagged: alpine@sha256:3dcdb92d7432d56604d4545cbd324b14e647b313626d99b889d0626d..
deleted: sha256:4e38e38c8ce0b8d9041a9c4fefe786631d1416225e13b0bfe8cfa2321aec4bba
deleted: sha256:4fe15f8d0ae69e169824f25f1d4da3015a48feeeeebb265cd2e328e15c6a869f

Total reclaimed space: 16.43 MB
Docker 入門

懸掛映像檔（dangling）

docker images

repl@host:/# docker images
REPOSITORY    TAG               IMAGE ID       CREATED         SIZE
testsql       latest            6c49f0cce145   7 months ago    3.73GB
<none>        <none>            a22b8450b88f   7 months ago    3.73GB
<none>        <none>            10dd2d03f59c   7 months ago    3.73GB
<none>        <none>            878bae40320b   7 months ago    3.73GB
<none>        <none>            4ea70583ba54   7 months ago    3.75GB
<none>        <none>            3c64576a3a7d   7 months ago    3.75GB
Docker 入門

新指令總結

用途 指令
擷取映像檔 docker pull <image-name>
擷取指定版本 docker pull <image-name>:<image-version>
列出所有本機映像檔 docker images
移除映像檔 docker image rm <image-name>
移除所有已停止容器 docker container prune
移除所有映像檔 docker image prune -a
Docker 入門

一起來練習吧！

Docker 入門

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