Docker 入門
Tim Sangster
Software Engineer @ DataCamp

Dockerfile 一定會從另一個映像檔開始,使用 FROM 指令指定。
FROM postgres
FROM ubuntu
FROM hello-world
FROM my-custom-data-pipeline
FROM postgres:15.0
FROM ubuntu:22.04
FROM hello-world:latest
FROM my-custom-data-pipeline:v1
建置 Dockerfile 會產生一個映像檔。
docker build /location/to/Dockerfile
docker build .
[+] Building 0.1s (5/5) FINISHED
=> [internal] load build definition from Dockerfile
=> => transferring dockerfile: 54B
...
=> CACHED [1/1] FROM docker.io/library/ubuntu
=> exporting to image
=> => exporting layers
=> => writing image sha256:a67f41b1d127160a7647b6709b3789b1e954710d96df39ccaa21..
實務上我們幾乎都會用 -t 旗標替映像檔命名:
docker build -t first_image .
...
=> => writing image sha256:a67f41b1d127160a7647b6709b3789b1e954710d96df39ccaa21..
=> => naming to docker.io/library/first_image
docker build -t first_image:v0 .
=> => writing image sha256:a67f41b1d127160a7647b6709b3789b1e954710d96df39ccaa21..
=> => naming to docker.io/library/first_image:v0
RUN <valid-shell-command>
FROM ubuntu
RUN apt-get update
RUN apt-get install -y python3
使用 -y 旗標可避免互動式詢問:
...
After this operation, 22.8 MB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n]
Docker 執行 RUN apt-get update 所花的時間,和你自己執行一樣長!
root@host:/# apt-get update
Get:1 http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports jammy InRelease [270 kB]
...
Get:17 http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports jammy-security/restricted arm64 Pack..
Fetched 23.0 MB in 2s (12.3 MB/s)
Reading package lists... Done
| 用途 | Dockerfile 指令 |
|---|---|
| 從映像檔開始撰寫 Dockerfile | FROM <image-name> |
| 在映像檔中加入 shell 指令 | RUN <valid-shell-command> |
| 確保 shell 指令不需使用者輸入 | RUN apt-get install -y python3 |
| 用途 | Shell 指令 |
|---|---|
| 從 Dockerfile 建置映像檔 | docker build /location/to/Dockerfile |
| 在目前工作目錄建置映像檔 | docker build . |
| 建置時指定映像檔名稱 | docker build -t first_image . |
Docker 入門