第二正規化（2NF）

建立 PostgreSQL 資料庫

Darryl Reeves

Industry Assistant Professor, New York University

範例：學校教科書

CREATE TABLE textbook (
    id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
    name VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
    publisher_name VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
    publisher_site VARCHAR(50),
    quantity SMALLINT NOT NULL DEFAULT 0
);

範例：學校教科書

id	title	publisher_name	publisher_site	quantity
23	Introductory Algebra: 1st Edition	ABC Publishing	www.abc.com	32
74	Calculus Foundations	ABC Publishing	www.abc.com	27
112	Statistical Concepts	Martin House	www.mh.com	22

範例：更新網址造成不一致

id	title	publisher_name	publisher_site	quantity
23	Introductory Algebra: 1st Edition	ABC Publishing	www.abc.com	32
74	Calculus Foundations	ABC Publishing	www.abc.com	27
112	Statistical Concepts	Martin House	www.mh.com	22

範例：更新網址造成不一致

id	title	publisher_name	publisher_site	quantity
23	Introductory Algebra: 1st Edition	ABC Publishing	www.newabc.com	32
74	Calculus Foundations	ABC Publishing	www.abc.com	27
112	Statistical Concepts	Martin House	www.mh.com	22

範例：新增沒有教科書的出版社

id	title	publisher_name	publisher_site	quantity
23	Introductory Algebra: 1st Edition	ABC Publishing	www.abc.com	32
74	Calculus Foundations	ABC Publishing	www.abc.com	27
112	Statistical Concepts	Martin House	www.mh.com	22

範例：新增沒有教科書的出版社

id	title	publisher_name	publisher_site	quantity
23	Introductory Algebra: 1st Edition	ABC Publishing	www.abc.com	32
74	Calculus Foundations	ABC Publishing	www.abc.com	27
112	Statistical Concepts	Martin House	www.mh.com	22
??	??	New Horizons	www.nhorizon.com	??

範例：移除某本教科書

id	title	publisher_name	publisher_site	quantity
23	Introductory Algebra: 1st Edition	ABC Publishing	www.abc.com	32
74	Calculus Foundations	ABC Publishing	www.abc.com	27
112	Statistical Concepts	Martin House	www.mh.com	22

範例：移除某本教科書

id	title	publisher_name	publisher_site	quantity
23	Introductory Algebra: 1st Edition	ABC Publishing	www.abc.com	32
74	Calculus Foundations	ABC Publishing	www.abc.com	27

出版社應獨立成表
新增與刪除會造成資料異常

符合第二正規化（2NF）

已符合 1NF
所有非鍵欄位皆依賴表的 PRIMARY KEY

範例：2NF 下的教科書與出版社

CREATE TABLE textbook (
    id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
    name VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
    publisher_name VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
    publisher_site VARCHAR(50),
    quantity SMALLINT NOT NULL DEFAULT 0
);

範例：2NF 下的教科書與出版社

CREATE TABLE textbook (
    id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
    name VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
    quantity SMALLINT NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
);

CREATE TABLE publisher (
    id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
    name VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
    site VARCHAR(50)
);

範例：2NF 下的教科書與出版社

CREATE TABLE textbook (
    id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
    name VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
    quantity SMALLINT NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
    publisher_id INTEGER REFERENCES publisher(id)
);

CREATE TABLE publisher (
    id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
    name VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
    site VARCHAR(50)
);

一起來練習吧！

建立 PostgreSQL 資料庫