Java 的資料型別與例外狀況
Jim White
Java Developer
public static void main(String[] args) {
ArrayList<String> allStars = new ArrayList<String>();
allStars.add("Mays");
allStars.add("Aaron");
allStars.add("Ruth");
String last = allStars.get(3); // This will cause an exception
System.out.println(last);
}
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.IndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 3 out of
bounds for length 3
try {
// 要執行並監看是否拋出例外的敘述
}
try {
// 要執行並監看是否拋出例外的敘述
} catch (<Exception type> <variable name>) {
// 發生例外時要執行的敘述
}
try {
ArrayList<String> allStars = new ArrayList<String>();
allStars.add("Mays");
allStars.add("Aaron");
allStars.add("Ruth");
String last = allStars.get(3); // Accessing an element that isn't there
System.out.println(last);
} catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
System.out.println("Oops - wrong index");
}
Oops - wrong index
catch 區塊處理不同型別的例外catch 都有各自的例外型別與例外變數catch 區塊,直到找到可匹配者try {
ArrayList<String> nums
= new ArrayList<String>();
nums.add("one");
String last = nums.get(0);
Integer.valueOf(last);
System.out.println(last);
} catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException eIndex) {
System.out.println("Oops - wrong index");
} catch (NumberFormatException eValueOf) {
System.out.println(
"Oops - String not a number");
}
Oops - String not a number
catch (Exception variable){ } 作為總攬式捕捉try {
// 要嘗試的程式碼
} catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException eIndex) {
System.out.println("Oops - wrong index");
} catch (NumberFormatException eValueOf) {
System.out.println("Oops - String not a number");
} catch (Exception e) { // 處理上述兩者以外的所有例外
System.out.println("發生未預期的事情");
}
finally 區塊中的程式碼一定會執行// 發生例外時
try {
Integer.valueOf("one");
} catch (NumberFormatException eValueOf) {
System.out.println("Oops");
} finally {
System.out.println("Doing cleanup");
}
Oops
Doing cleanup
// 未拋出例外時
try {
Integer.valueOf("1");
} catch (NumberFormatException eValueOf) {
System.out.println("Oops");
} finally {
System.out.println("Doing cleanup");
}
Doing cleanup
Exception 物件包含豐富資訊.getMessage() 取得人類可讀的原因.getClass() 取得例外的類別或型別名稱.printStackTrace() 顯示堆疊追蹤(下一張)public class ExceptionExample {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
Integer.valueOf("one");
} catch (NumberFormatException e) {
System.out.println(e.getMessage());
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
For input string: "one"
java.lang.NumberFormatException: For input string: "one"
at java.base/java.lang.NumberFormatException.forInputString(NumberFormatException.java:67)
at java.base/java.lang.Integer.parseInt(Integer.java:661)
at java.base/java.lang.Integer.valueOf(Integer.java:988)
at foo/exceptions.ExceptionExample.main(ExceptionExample.java:7)
Java 的資料型別與例外狀況