維護使用者自訂函式

在 SQL Server 中撰寫函式與預存程序

Meghan Kwartler

IT Consultant

ALTER Function

ALTER FUNCTION SumLocationStats (@EndDate as datetime = '1/01/2017')
RETURNS TABLE AS RETURN 
SELECT 
  PULocationID as PickupLocation, 
  COUNT(ID) as RideCount, 
  SUM(TripDistance) as TotalTripDistance 
FROM YellowTripData 
WHERE CAST(DropOffDate as Date) = @EndDate 
GROUP BY PULocationID;

CREATE OR ALTER

CREATE OR ALTER FUNCTION SumLocationStats (
 @EndDate AS datetime = '1/01/2017') 
 RETURNS TABLE AS RETURN 
SELECT 
  PULocationID as PickupLocation, 
  COUNT(ID) AS RideCount, 
  SUM(TripDistance) AS TotalTripDistance 
FROM YellowTripData 
WHERE CAST(DropOffDate AS Date) = @EndDate 
GROUP BY PULocationID;

-- Delete function
DROP FUNCTION dbo.CountTripAvgFareDay

-- Create CountTripAvgFareDay as Inline TVF instead of MSTVF
CREATE FUNCTION dbo.CountTripAvgFareDay(
  @Month char(2), 
  @Year char(4)
) RETURNS TABLE AS RETURN (
  SELECT 
    CAST(DropOffDate as date) as DropOffDate, 
    COUNT(ID) as TripCount, 
    AVG(FareAmount) as AvgFareAmt 
  FROM YellowTripData 
  WHERE 
    DATEPART(month, DropOffDate) = @Month 
    AND DATEPART(year, DropOffDate) = @Year 
  GROUP BY CAST(DropOffDate as date));

決定性可提升效能

當函式在以下條件下回傳相同結果時，稱為具決定性：
- 相同的輸入參數
- 相同的資料庫狀態

SELECT 
  OBJECTPROPERTY(
    OBJECT_ID('[dbo].[GetRideHrsOneDay]'), 
    'IsDeterministic'
  )

+---+
| 1 |
+---+

SELECT 
  OBJECTPROPERTY(
    OBJECT_ID('[dbo].[GetTomorrow]'), 
    'IsDeterministic'
  )

+---+
| 0 |
+---+

Schemabinding

指定結構描述（schema）繫結到它所參照的資料庫物件。
若有以 schema 繫結的物件參照它，則可防止變更 schema。

CREATE OR ALTER FUNCTION dbo.GetRideHrsOneDay (@DateParm date)
RETURNS numeric WITH SCHEMABINDING
AS
BEGIN
RETURN 
(SELECT SUM(DATEDIFF(second, PickupDate, DropoffDate))/3600
FROM dbo.YellowTripData
WHERE CONVERT (date, PickupDate) = @DateParm)
END;

一起來練習吧！

在 SQL Server 中撰寫函式與預存程序